Phytochemical Profiling, Volatile Oil GC-MS Fingerprinting, and Radical Scavenging Traits of Zingiber officinale Varieties

International Journal of Chemistry | Vol. 2, No. 6, June 2011 | pp. 68–75

DOI: 10.46882/2011/IJC/000033

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: Phytochemical Profiling, Volatile Oil GC-MS Fingerprinting, and Radical Scavenging Traits of Zingiber officinale Varieties

Names of Authors: S. A. Abdulrahman¹, I. K. Bello²*

Authors’ Affiliations:
¹Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria.
²Department of Biochemistry, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria.

Abstract: Zingiber officinale (Ginger) is highly valued globally for its culinary and medicinal properties, yet geographic variations alter its secondary metabolite concentrations. This research isolates the volatile oil constituents and appraises the free radical scavenging potential of yellow and white ginger rhizome varieties cultivated in Northern Nigeria. Powdered matrices were extracted using hydro-distillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus to yield essential oils. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) identified 24 distinct compounds, with gingerol (28.4%), shogaol (16.2%), and alpha-zingiberene (22.5%) making up the dominant bioactive compounds. The antioxidant capacities were monitored in vitro using the DPPH assay and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) test, using ascorbic acid as a standard control. The essential oil of the yellow variety displayed higher radical scavenging traits, yielding an IC50 value of 42.6 μg/mL, compared to 54.8 μg/mL shown by the white variety. Total phenolic content (TPC) tracked via the Folin-Ciocalteu method revealed a linear relationship with free radical neutralization capacity, showing that structural plant phenolics drive the antioxidant performance of these culinary rhizomes.

Keywords: Zingiber officinale; Essential oils; GC-MS profiling; Free radicals; DPPH assay; Phenolic antioxidants

Manuscript Timeline: Received: February 10, 2011; Revised: March 24, 2011; Accepted: April 15, 2011; Published: June 08, 2011.

Citation: Abdulrahman, S. A., & Bello, I. K. (2011). Phytochemical Profiling, Volatile Oil GC-MS Fingerprinting, and Radical Scavenging Traits of Zingiber officinale Varieties. International Journal of Chemistry, 2(6), 68–75.

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