International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 3 (8), pp. 001-006, August, 2012. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of the aqueous seed extract of Persea americana mill (Lauraceae) on the blood pressure of sprague-dawley rats

Ogochukwu N. Anaka, Raymond I. Ozolua* and Stephen O. Okpo

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, P. M. B. 1154, Benin City 300001, Nigeria.

Accepted 09 April, 2012

Abstract

The aqueous seed extract (AE) of Persea americana Mill (Lauraceae) is used by some herbal medicine practitioners in Nigeria for the treatment of hypertension. We investigated its effects on the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and Heart Rate (HR) of naïve and 260 mg/kg/day x 10 days pretreated rats. Naïve rats were given bolus injections of (a) - AE (240, 260, 280 mg/kg); (b) - 2 µg/kg of acetylcholine (ACh) + 240, 260, 280 mg/kg of AE; or bolus doses of ACh (1, 2, 4 µg/kg). Results show that 10-day pretreatment significantly reduced MAP (125.7 ± 11.2 vs 92.1 ± 8.5 mm Hg) and HR (274.6 ± 39.3 vs 161.6 ± 11.6 beats/min). Also, acute AE injections significantly decreased MAP from baseline values in naïve rats. The effects of AE on MAP were comparable with those of ACh. Combination of AE with 2 µg/kg of ACh only significantly potentiated the MAP reducing effect of 240 mg/kg of AE. It is concluded that the aqueous seed extract of P. americana reduces BP and HR in normotensive rats. This observation lends credence to its use by herbalists for the management of hypertension.

Key words: Persia americana seed, herbal medicine, blood pressure, heart rate.