Phytochemical Fingerprinting, Essential Oil Profiling, and In Vitro Larvicidal Efficacy of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Leaf Extract

International Journal of Chemistry | Vol. 8, No. 4, April 2017 | pp. 25–32

DOI: 10.46882/2017/IJC/000103

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: Phytochemical Fingerprinting, Essential Oil Profiling, and In Vitro Larvicidal Efficacy of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Leaf Extract

Names of Authors: S. A. Abdulrahman¹, G. E. D. M. Santos²*

Authors’ Affiliations:
¹Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria.
²Department of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.

Abstract: The rampant spread of mosquito vectors in tropical regions demands the identification of botanical insecticidal alternatives to replace hazardous synthetic chemicals that induce environmental toxicity. This research reports the qualitative chemical mapping, essential oil separation via Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and in vitro larvicidal efficacy of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf fractions against Anopheles gambiae fourth-instar larvae. Essential oils obtained via hydro-distillation in a Clevenger apparatus were resolved into 22 distinct peaks via GC-MS, with 1,8-cineole (45.8%), alpha-pinene (14.2%), and p-cymene (11.5%) emerging as the primary bioactive constituents. Larvicidal bioassays were conducted across a suite of oil concentrations (20 to 100 mg/L) over 24-hour exposure periods. The essential oil displayed significant lethal potency, yielding an LC50 value of 42.6 mg/L and an LC90 value of 78.4 mg/L against the mosquito larvae. A linear relationship was observed between the concentration of 1,8-cineole and larval mortality. This confirms that volatile monoterpenes actively disrupt the respiratory and neurological pathways of insect vectors, offering a sustainable botanical framework for malaria vector management.

Keywords: Eucalyptus camaldulensis; Essential oils; GC-MS analysis; 1,8-Cineole; Larvicidal bioassay; Anopheles gambiae

Manuscript Timeline: Received: June 15, 2016; Revised: July 28, 2016; Accepted: August 22, 2016; Published: April 02, 2017.

Citation: Abdulrahman, S. A., & Santos, G. E. D. M. (2017). Phytochemical Fingerprinting, Essential Oil Profiling, and In Vitro Larvicidal Efficacy of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Leaf Extract. International Journal of Chemistry, 8(4), 25–32.

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