ISSN 2375-0723
African Journal of Food Science Research ISSN 2375-0723 Vol. 12 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2024. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Yeast-Based Biocontrol: A Novel Approach to Manage Apple Blue Mold with Candida membranifaciens and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa
Jalal Gholamnejad*, Hasan Reza Etebarian and Navazallah Sahebani
Department of Plant Protection, Aboureihan Campus, University of Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 16 November, 2023
Abstract
In this study two genus of biocontrol yeasts were isolated from healthy apple fruits surface. Three strains of Candida membranfaciens (A2, A4 and A5) and two strains of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (A1 and A7) were evaluated for the control of the blue mold of apple caused by Penicillium expansum. One isolate of P. expansum was used in these experiments. Dual culture, cell free metabolite and volatile test were used for in vitro assays. Yeast strains of two genus inhibited growth of P. expansum, inhibition varied from 20.6 - 61.4%, in dual culture, in volatile metabolite from 57.2 - 89.1% and from 54.6 86% in cell free metabolite test. Apple fruit wounds were inoculated with 40 µl of yeast cell suspension (107 cell ml-1), and after 24 h, inoculated by P. expansum (105 conidia ml-1). Inoculated apples were incubated at room (20°C) and cold (5°C) temperature. All strains of two genus reduced lesion area at two temperatures. The A2 (C. membranfaciens) was the most effective strain at both temperatures, significantly. Effect of CaCl2 mixed with yeast (A1), was evaluated at 20°C. The different concentration of CaCl2 reduced the lesion area from 185.07 - 1738.037 mm2 reduction compared to 2452.84 mm2 in control after incubation for 15 days at 20°C. At the same time, the other antagonistic yeast conditions such as yeast concentration and inoculation time were studied, and the best conditions for antagonistic yeast were determined.
Key words: Apple, biocontrol, blue mold, Candida membranfaciens, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Penicillium expansum.