ISSN 2756-3812
International Journal of Medical Advances and Discovery ISSN 2756-3812 Vol. 3 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2012. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research paper
Cell-mediated immunity in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in diabetic ketoacidosis, patients with controlled Type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy control subjects
Musa, B. O. P.1, Onyemelukwe, G.C.1, Hambolu, J. O.2, Bakari, A.G.3 and Anumah, F.E.3
1Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, A.B.U.T.H. Zaria, 2Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria and 3Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, A.B.U.T.H. Zaria, Nigeria
Accepted 19 October, 2011
Abstract
Immune modulation accompanying metabolic dysfunction can adversely affect outcome of a non infectious disease such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Peripheral T lymphocyte subsets were analyzed with monoclonal antibodies via manual counting by the indirect immunofluorescence method, in type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients in DKA, controlled T2DM patients as well as normal healthy controls (NHC).There was a significant decrease in CD4+ T cells alongside a non significant increase in CD8+ T cells in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) compared to controlled T2DM patients and normal healthy controls. Ratio of CD4/CD8+ T cells was also lowest in DKA. These T cell changes in patients with DKA reflect an abnormal immunoregulatory mechanism in parallel with an impaired metabolic process and may lead to enhanced beta cell damage and increased susceptibility to DKA crisis in T2DM patients.
Keywords: Cell mediated immunity, diabetic ketoacidosis, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic dysfunction, T lymphocytes.