ISSN 2756-3251
Advanced Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ISSN 2756-3251, Vol. 16 (11), pp. 001-006, November, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Comparative study of the thermal behavior of the modeled kiln and the experimental kiln used for ceramics firing in northern Togo
*KATA. N’Detigma1, KPODE Kodjo1, SAMAH Hodo-Abalo1
1LaMERE, Laboratoire Matériaux, Energie Renouvelable et Environnement ; Kara University, Kara, Togo.
Abstract
Received 21 September, 2025; Revised 02 November, 2025; Accepted 06 November, 2025; Published 16, 2025
This study consisted of validating a furnace model through a comparative analysis of simulation and experimental data. The gas kiln converted into a wood kiln was modeled using Comsol Multiphysics software and simulated based on Navier-Stokes equations. A metric study was conducted, as well as graphical representations, to evaluate the consistency between the simulation results and those of experimental measurements. The value of the bias measures the accuracy of a model and indicates the extent to which an estimation method tends to overestimate or underestimate reality. On the other hand, the confidence interval (CI) that we use helps to assess the reliability of the model's results. Based on the visual observation of the temperature profile over time, the simulated values seem to match the experimental ones. The comparative analysis of the experimental and simulated temperature profiles gives a bias value of -5.58 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) containing zero (0), which shows that there's no significant systemic bias. The RMSE value (33.63) and MAPE value (~7.35%) show an acceptable average error between the experiment and the simulation. A high R² value indicates a satisfactory correlation between the simulation and the experiment.
Keywords: Carbon footprint, Ceramics, Thermal, Simulation, Togo.