ISSN 2326-7267
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 6 (7), pp. 001-005, July, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Screening for anti-typhoid activity of some medicinal plants used in traditional medicine in Ebonyi state, Nigeria
Iroha I. R.1*, ILang D. C.1, Ayogu T. E.2, Oji A. E.1 and Ugbo E. C.1
1Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Ebonyi State University, P. M. B. 053, Abakaliki Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
2Department of Food Technology, Institute of Management and technology, Enugu, P. M. B. 01079, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Accepted 11 April, 2017
Abstract
Ethanol, hot and cold crude water extracts of five medicinal plants namely Vitex doniana (root) , Cassia tora (Leaf), Alstonia boonei (bark), Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (leaf), and Carica papaya (leaf) used as traditionally medicine for anti Salmonella typhi activity in Ebonyi state were evaluated. These plants were screened in-vitro for anti-typhoid activity against 10 clinically selected isolates of S. typhi using the hole-plate diffusion method. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Ethanol, hot and cold water extract of each herbal plant was determined by broth dilution method. Ethanol extracts of Vitex doniana exhibited anti-typhoid activity against 9(90%) of the test organisms, A. boonei exhibited activity against 8(80%) of the test organisms, C. papaya against 2(20%), C. tora against 6(60%), and S. jamaicensis against 6(60%). Hot water extract of Vitex doniana showed anti-typhoid activity against 7(70%) of the test organisms, A. boonei against 9(90%), C. papaya against 1(10%), C. tora against 8(80%) and S. jamaicensis against 7(70%). Cold water extract of V. doniana, had anti-typhoid activity against 6(60%) of the test organisms, A. boonei, against 6(60%), C. papaya against 0(0%), C. tora against 6(60%) and S. jamaicensis against 4(40%). MIC of ethanol, hot and cold water extracts of V. doniana, A. boonei, C. papaya, C. tora and S. jamaicensis, fall within 0.4 -128, 0.8 -128, 64 -128, 32 – 128 and 32 – 128. MIC of hot water extracts were within 16 -128, 0.8 – 128, 128 -512, 0.8 – 512 and 0.8 – 128 while MIC of cold water extract are within 64 – 128, 64 – 512, 64 – 512, 64 – 512 and 128-512 respectively. Our findings showed that ethanol and hot water extracts of V. doniana and A. boonei had the best anti-typhoid activity followed by C. tora and S. jamaicensis while C. papaya showed no activity.
Key words: Salmonella typhi, medicinal plants extracts, anti-typhoid activity, minimum inhibitory concentration.