Green Synthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Bark Extract of Khaya senegalensis and Their Catalytic Efficiencies

International Journal of Chemistry | Vol. 10, No. 9, September 2019 | pp. 65–72

DOI: 10.46882/2019/IJC/000131

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: Green Synthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Bark Extract of Khaya senegalensis and Their Catalytic Efficiencies

Names of Authors: S. I. Musa¹, K. A. Al-Jubouri²*

Authors’ Affiliations:
¹Department of Chemistry, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
²Department of Chemistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.

Abstract: The biological synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles using medicinal plant extracts offers an eco-friendly and economically sustainable alternative to traditional chemical reduction protocols. This study details the green synthesis of stable palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) utilizing the aqueous bark extract of Khaya senegalensis as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. The bioreduction process was monitored via UV-Vis spectrophotometry, which revealed the gradual decay and disappearance of the palladium chloride precursor band over 60 minutes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses showed highly spherical nanoparticles with an average particle diameter of 14 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the face-centered cubic crystalline structure of the biosynthesized metallic palladium. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy indicated that water-soluble biomolecules, primarily limonoids and sterols within the bark matrix, were responsible for capping and protecting the PdNPs against structural agglomeration. The catalytic efficiency of the synthesized PdNPs was evaluated by tracking the reduction of eosin Y dye by sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) in an aqueous system. In the absence of a catalyst, the reaction proceeded slowly, but the introduction of PdNPs accelerated the degradation process, achieving 97.4% decolorization within 10 minutes. The dye degradation kinetics conformed strictly to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model with a rate constant of 0.284 min⁻¹, indicating excellent catalytic potential for chemical waste neutralization.

Keywords: Palladium nanoparticles; Green synthesis; Khaya senegalensis; Biosynthesis; Heterogeneous catalysis; Eosin Y degradation

Manuscript Timeline: Received: January 12, 2019; Revised: February 20, 2019; Accepted: March 15, 2019; Published: September 09, 2019.

Citation: Musa, S. I., & Al-Jubouri, K. A. (2019). Green Synthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Bark Extract of Khaya senegalensis and Their Catalytic Efficiencies. International Journal of Chemistry, 10(9), 65–72.

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