ISSN 2326-7267
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 9 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Screening of Annona squamosa extracts for antibacterial activity against some respiratory tract isolates
*M. Yusha’u, D. W. Taura, B. Bello, N. Abdullahi
Department of Biological Sciences, Bayero University, P. M. B. 3011, Kano, Nigeria.
Accepted 30 November, 2019
Abstract
Annona squamosa (L.) leaves were extracted with ethanol using percolation method and the extract obtained was partitioned in chloroform and distilled water at a ratio of 1:1 using 30ml volume. The extract and fractions were tested for antibacterial activity against clinical respiratory tract isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus species, Pseudomonas species, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and α-haemolytic Streptococci using disc diffusion and micro-broth dilution techniques. The extract and fractions were also screened for the presence of plant secondary metabolites using standard procedures. Sensitivity test results showed that water fraction of the plant was active on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae (10 mm) at 50µg/disc concentration while ethanolic extract of the plant was active against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Proteus species at 200µg/disc concentration with zone diameter formed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (11 mm) being wider than that formed in response to standard Augmentin disc (06 mm). The results of phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, reducing sugars, steroids and tannins in either the ethanolic extract, fraction(s) or both.
Keywords: Screening, Annona squamosa, Extracts, Biological activity, Disc diffusion, Broth dilution, Bacteria, Clinical isolates, Secondary metabolites.