Validation of a Spectrophotometric Method for Quantitative Determination of Metronidazole in Tablet Dosage Forms

International Journal of Chemistry | Vol. 2, No. 11, November 2011 | pp. 108–115

DOI: 10.46882/2011/IJC/000038

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: Validation of a Spectrophotometric Method for Quantitative Determination of Metronidazole in Tablet Dosage Forms

Names of Authors: E. O. Effiong¹, K. A. Udoh¹*

Authors’ Affiliations:
¹Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.

Abstract: Establishing simple, cost-effective analytical protocols is essential for routine quality monitoring of antimicrobial formulations in clinical testing labs. This paper describes the development and validation of a rapid UV-Vis spectrophotometric method for the quantification of metronidazole in tablet dosage forms. The analytical procedure relied on the reduction of the nitro group of metronidazole using zinc dust and hydrochloric acid, followed by diazotization and subsequent coupling with 1-naphthol in an alkaline medium. This reaction produced a stable, orange-red azo dye that was monitored spectrophotometrically at its wavelength maximum of 480 nm. Method validation was executed following the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. Excellent linearity was established over a concentration range of 2.0 to 20.0 mg/L with a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.999. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined to be 0.12 mg/L and 0.36 mg/L, respectively. Precision assessments yielded relative standard deviations (RSD) below 2.0%. The validated method was successfully applied to analyze five commercial brands of metronidazole tablets, producing recovery percentages between 98.6% and 101.4%, without any interference from common tablet excipients.

Keywords: UV-Vis spectrophotometry; Metronidazole; Diazotization; Method validation; Quantitative analysis; Quality control

Manuscript Timeline: Received: April 20, 2011; Revised: June 02, 2011; Accepted: June 28, 2011; Published: November 09, 2011.

Citation: Effiong, E. O., & Udoh, B. A. (2011). Validation of a Spectrophotometric Method for Quantitative Determination of Metronidazole in Tablet Dosage Forms. International Journal of Chemistry, 2(11), 108–115.

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