ISSN 2326-7291
International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology ISSN 2326-7291 Vol. 8 (4), pp. 001-009, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Introduction of complementary foods to infants as self-reported by urban and rural low-income mothers in Guatemala
María José Soto-Méndez, Raquel Campos, Liza Hernández, Marieke Vossenaar* and Noel W. Solomons
Center for Studies of Sensory Impairment, Aging and Metabolism (CeSSIAM), Guatemala City, Guatemala.
Accepted 17 March, 2019
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life with the introduction of adequate complementary foods thereafter. The association between the early introduction of complementary foods and negative health outcomes may be underestimated by inconsistencies in reported age-of-introduction of complementary foods. We aimed to determine the reproducibility of reported age-of-introduction of 10 selected complementary foods. Mothers of 6-12 mo old Guatemalan infants (50 rural, 64 urban) were interviewed on 3 occasions within an interval of 2-14 wks, and asked the age of their infant on introduction of 10 commonly consumed foods (INCAPARINA®, oatmeal, rice, fruits, vegetables, white rolls, sweet rolls, baby food in jars, potatoes and coffee). A score of 3 (full repetition), 2 (2 of 3 consistent) or 0 (3 distinct answers) was given for each food, and summed across all foods for a “maternal score”, with 30 as maximal. Baby food, sweet rolls and coffee were the most reproducibly-reported foods for both settings, whilst vegetables and fruits were the least consistently reported items. The median maternal score was 20.0 in the urban sample, and higher at 23.0 in the rural sample (p=0.020). We conclude that the moderately high degree of consistency in the responses adds confidence to the proposition that published data on age of complementary foods introduction could generally be valid.
Key words: Reproducibility, complementary foods, self-reported, infant nutrition, Guatemala.