ISSN 2326-7291
International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology ISSN 2326-7291 Vol. 8 (10), pp. 001-005, October, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Comparative antimicrobial activities of some plant extracts and commercial antibiotics against some selected pathogens of food origin
Anibijuwon I. I.1*, Abioye J. A.1 and Onifade A. K.2
1Department of Microbiology, Public Health Laboratory Unit, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
2Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Accepted 14 August, 2019
Abstract
The antimicrobial activities of three plants (Momordica charantia, Morinda lucida, and Hunteria umbellata) were investigated. These plants were extracted using methanol and ethanol as solvents. These extracts were used to evaluate the growth of five food borne bacteria namely; Bacillus sp, Proteus vulgaris, Streptococcus sp., Shigella sp., Lactobacillus sp., and the research revealed zones of inhibition ranging from 0 to 36 mm. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts ranged from 20 to 100 mg/ml; that of the ethanolic extract of Momordica charantia against Bacillus sp. being the lowest (20 mg/ml) and most effective and that of M. lucida being the highest (100 mg/ml) and least effective. Most of the extracts were merely inhibitory against the organisms except ethanolic extracts of H. umbellata and M. charantia against Bacillus sp., Streptococcus sp. and Lactobacillus sp. with the ethanolic extract of H. umbellata showing the lowest MBC of 40 mg/ml. The activity indices of the extracts were calculated and the highest activity index (2.818) was that of the ethanolic extract of M. charantia against co-trimazole using Bacillus sp. as the test organism. H. umbellata and M. charantia showed more promising potential as antimicrobial agents than M. lucida against foodborne pathogens and hence against enteric diseases. These effective plants should be purified and further assayed for toxicological activity and possible use as drugs or preservatives.
Key words: Antimicrobial activity, foodborne pathogens, Momordica charantia, Hunteria umbellata, Morinda lucida, commercial antibiotics, activity index.