ISSN 2326-7291
International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology ISSN 2326-7291 Vol. 6 (1), pp. 305-317, January, 2017. ©International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Performance of wastewater stabilization ponds in treatment of endocrine disrupting estrogens in Morogoro urban and peri-urban, Tanzania
1Sijaona Cassian Msigala*, 1Faith P Mabiki, 2Bjarne Styrishave, 3Robinson H Mdegela
1Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark, 3Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture.
Received 16 November, 2016; Revised 03 December, 2016; Accepted 06 December, 2016 and Published 19 January, 2017
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the performance of wastewater stabilization ponds (WSPs) in treatment of endocrine disrupting estrogens particularly estradiol (E2), estrone (E1) and ethinylestradiol(EE2). The study was conducted at Mafisa and Mzumbe wastewater stabilization ponds located in Morogoro Urban and Peri-urban areas respectively. The endocrine disrupting estrogens in low quality water and sludge were detected and quantified using competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. The recovery of estrogens in this study ranged from 65% to 90%. The EE2, E1 and E2 were detected in all samples of low quality water and sludge from anaerobic to maturation ponds in both study sites. The overall estrogen reduction at Mafisa was 95.8%, 95.3%, 94.9% for EE2, E1 and E2 respectively. At Mzumbe the overall estrogen reduction was 81.6%, 89.3% and 82.5% for EE2, E1 and E2 respectively. The mean concentrations of estrogens in influent to effluent at Mafisa ranged from 35.6 to 1.5. 60.7 to 2.9 and 85.6 to 4.4 ng/ L for EE2, E1 and E2 respectively. The corresponding mean concentration at Mzumbe WSPs ranged from 25.5 to 2.7, 23.8 to 4.4 and 39.4 to 6.9 ng/L for EE2, E1 and E2 respectively. Sludge from anaerobic pond contained significant high amount of estrogens, whereas in other ponds median concentrations were significant low. The endocrine disrupting estrogens were significantly reduced in the wastewater stabilization ponds.
Keywords: Ethinylestradiol, estradiol, estrone, mafisa, mzumbe, micropollutants reduction.