African Journal of Soil Science

African Journal of Soil Science ISSN 2375-088X Vol. 12 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Impact of Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi on the Activation of Stress-Related Enzymes in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Drought Conditions

Yogendra Singh Gusain¹*, U. S. Singh² and A. K. Sharma¹

¹Department of Biological Sciences, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, 263145, India.
²IRRI Office NASC Complex, Pusa New Delhi, 110012, India.

Accepted 24 March, 2024

Abstract

Water scarcity is one of the main consequences of changing climate which adversely affects the plant growth and productivity. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of plant growth promoting fungi (PGPF), Trichoderma harzianum strain-35 (T-35) and newly discovered Fusarium pallidoroseum strain-10 (FP-10) on total biomass production and activities of the stress related enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD)] in Swarna and Swarna sub-1 genotypes of rice under drought stress. PGPFs inoculated plants showed enhance shoot and root dry weight as compared to uninoculated plants under water stress. Quantitative analyses of antioxidant enzymes indicated that plants inoculated with PGPFs showed higher activity of SOD, CAT and POD enzymes as compared to uninoculated plants under severe drought condition (41.23% pot moisture content). Higher biomass and greater induction of antioxidant enzymes in plants may be the mechanism through which these PGPFs help plants to alleviate the consequences of drought stress and maintenance of plant homeostasis under severe drought.

Key words: Trichoderma harzianum, Fusarium pallidoroseum, rice, drought stress, antioxidant.

African Journal of Soil Science ISSN 2375-088X Vol. 12 (4), pp. 001-007, April, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Influence of different nitrogen and phosphorus pentoxide levels on eggplant yield

Paulo Ricardo Lima¹, Ricardo Estefano Carlesso², Augustinho Borsoi¹*, Martios Ecco1, Fernando Vinícius Fernandes², Éder Junior Mezzalira¹, Leandro Rampim¹, Jean Sérgio Rosset¹, André Gustavo Battistus¹, Ubirajara Contro Malavasi¹ and Paulo Rogério Beltramin da Fonseca³

¹Programa de Pós Graduação em Agronomia (PPGA); Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná - UNIOESTE, campus Marechal Cândido Rondon; Rua Pernambuco, 1777, CP: 1008, Centro, CEP: 85960-000, Marechal Cândido Rondon-PR, Brazil.
²Faculdade Anhanguera de Dourados. Rua Manoel Santiago, 1155, Vila São Luís. CEP: 79825-150, Dourados/MS, Brazil.
³Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, UFGD. Rodovia Dourados Ithum KM 12, Aeroporto. CEP: 79804-970, CP: 533, Dourados/MS – Brazil.

Received 3 July, 2023; Accepted 16 October, 2023

Abstract

The balanced fertilization is crucial for obtaining a good plants growth and achieve good productivity indices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) under different doses of nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) performed separately. The study was conducted in 5 liter-pots arranged in a completely randomized design, consisting of 5 doses (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1) of N and P2O5 with 5 replications in a greenhouse, located at latitude 22° 13' S and longitude 54° 48' W. The variables analyzed were: root fresh mass (RFM) and root dry mass (RDM), shoot fresh mass (SFM) and shoot dry mass (SDM), fruit weight (FW), number of fruits (FN) per plant, stem diameter (SD) and plant height (PH). Application of N had significant effects on all variables studied, except for SD. Application of P2O5 had significant effects on most variables, except for PH, SFM and FW. N applications affected yield more than P2O5 due to FN and FW. The dose of 100 to 150 kg ha-1 both for N and P2O5 provided the best results.

Key words: Soil fertility, plant nutrition, horticulture, Solanaceae.
 

African Journal of Soil Science ISSN 2375-088X Vol. 12 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effects of phosphorus and potassium fertilization on soybean crop yield in oxisol environments

Leandro Rampim¹*, Rubens Fey², Maria do Carmo Lana¹, Marcos Vinícius Mansano Sarto³, Jean Sérgio Rosset⁴, André Luiz Piva¹, Éder Júnior Mezzalira¹, Jessica Koppo¹, Paulo Vitor Dal Molin¹, Jeferson Klein⁵, Jolimar Antonio Schiavo⁶, Jaqueline Rocha Wobeto¹, Adriano Mitio Inagaki¹ and Thaísa Muriel Mioranza¹

¹State University of West Parana, Unioeste, CCA/PPGA, Pernambuco Street No. 1777, P.O. Box 9, Zip Code 85960-
000, city of Marechal Candido Rondon, Parana state, Brazil.
²Federal University of South Border - UFFS, city of Laranjeiras do Sul, Parana state, Brazil.
³State University Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Lageado Farm, Alcides Soares Highway, Km 3, Zip Code
18610-300, city of Botucatu, São Paulo state, Brazil.
⁴Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Parana, Civica Avenue, 475, Civic Center, Zip Code 85935-
000, city of Assis Chateaubriand, Parana state, Brazil.
⁵Professor, Pontifical Catholic University, PUC, city of Toledo, Parana state, Brazil.

⁶State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, city of Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil.

Received 13 July, 2023; Accepted 16 September, 2023

Abstract

It is recommended to use phosphorus and potassium fertilization on soybean; however it has been common to verify the absence of effect on crop productivity, especially in no-tillage system. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate the effect of doses of superphosphate and potassium chloride in the leaf tissue nutrient content and yield of soybean growing in Oxisol. The experiment was installed in October 2011 in a randomized block design in split-bands with two factors (4x4), with four replications, totaling 64 plots, being Factor 1 with doses of superphosphate (0, 136, 331 and 700 kg ha-1) at sowing and Factor 2 with doses of potassium chloride (0, 160, 320 and 800 kg ha-1) released with cultivar Vmax RR (SYN 7059RR). In the experiment, the variables evaluated were Ca, Mg, K, P, S, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe in leaf tissue and grain yield. The fertilization with superphosphate and potassium chloride do not interfere in leaf nutrient content and yield of soybean cultivar Vmax RR (SYN 7059RR) grown on an Oxisol of clayey with levels of P and K classified as high. In these cases, it is advisable to keep only the maintenance fertilization according to the values of P and K exported by grain.

Key words: Chemical fertilizer, tillage systems, organic mineral fertilizer, superphosphate, potassium chloride.

African Journal of Soil Science ISSN 2375-088X Vol. 12 (2), pp. 001-007, February, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Comparative analysis of groundnut varieties in different agro-ecologies of Sierra Leone

Abdul-Rahman Tarawali* and Daniel David Quee

Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute (SLARI), Sierra Leone. *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected], Tel: 232 76 641 381.

Received 5 July, 2023; Accepted 23 October, 2023

Abstract

Nine groundnut trials were conducted in the Southern Province of Sierra Leone in 2012 and 2013. The objectives of the trials were to evaluate the performance of two improved/groundnut varieties (Samnuts 22 and 23) and one improved local variety in the transitional rain forest and the savanna grassland agro-ecologies in the Southern Province of Sierra Leone, and to evaluate the responses of the varieties to phosphorous fertilizer. The experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Grain yield by the treatment combination was significantly higher in the transitional rain forest than in the savanna grassland. The variety Samnut 23 performed significantly higher in terms of grain yield than the varieties Samnut 22 and Slinut 1, while the variety Samnut 22 produced more stover yield than Samnut 23 and the improved local variety in the two agro-ecologies considered in both years, an indication that Samnut 23 could be recommended for grain production while Samnut 22 recommended for fodder production in both agro-ecologies. Addition of single super phosphate (SSP) fertilizer enhanced the performance of all the varieties and also increased the formation of nodules by the varieties and had significant effect on biomass production. The improved local variety was an early maturing variety; Samnut 23 was a medium maturing variety, while Samnut 22 was a late maturing variety.

Key words: Forest transitional, savanna woodland, Samnut, Arachis hypogaea, agro-ecologies, haulm, stover, biomass, fodder.

African Journal of Soil Science ISSN 2375-088X Vol. 12 (1), pp. 001-013, January, 2024. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Impact of Retama retam webb. on dune stabilization and biodiversity

Nassima Guerrache*, Saida Akkouche and Leila Kadik

Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Houari Boumediène Bab Elzzouar University, Algeria.

Accepted 16 October, 2023

Abstract

Our study of the biodiversity of the vegetation and the stability of the soil surface at the levels of the dunes fixed by Retama retam Webb., Tamarix gallica L., Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst and the natural fixation in the two experimental projects of the dunes fixation in Zahrez Gharbi of El-Mesrane region (W. Djelfa) shows that the dunes fixed by T. gallica and T. aphylla represent an important diversity with 57 species, 36 species in the dunes fixed by R. retam Webb. and T. aphylla (L.) Karst and a significant diversity of 24 species at the levels of the dunes naturally fixed. The Shannon weaver –index (H’) registered on the vegetation of the dunes fixed by T. gallica L. and T. aphylla (L.). Karst is of H ' = 3.12; it is 2.61 at the levels of dunes fixed by R. retam Webb. and T. aphylla (L.). Karst, It achieved a 2.18 on the vegetation of the natural regeneration of R. retam Webb and sandy plants. On the qualitative plan, the distribution of the biologic types is marked by the dominance of the therophytes of the flora. The multidimensional treatment demonstrated that the moisture, the fertility and the soil stability are the ecological factors responsible for the composition and the repartition of the vegetation in the several studied dunes which demonstrates that there is noticeable dunes stability through the mechanical and biological treatment realized on these dunes.

Key words: Zahrez Gharbi, desertification, El-Mesrane, fixation, dunes, cordon.

African Journal of Soil Science ISSN 2375-088X Vol. 12 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2024. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Enzymatic adaptations in nitrogen metabolism during rice germination and early seedling growth across genotypes

Uma Singh¹, Shambhoo Prasad²*, B. Prasad¹, Adesh Kumar², R. K. Yadav¹, R. P. Singh² and Garima Yadav²

¹Department of Crop Physiology, N.D. University of Agriculture Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, U.P., India.

²Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, N.D. University of Agriculture Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, U.P., India.

Accepted 16 April, 2023

Abstract

Seeds of three rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes Viz. IR-42 (intolerant), USAR-1 and NDR-501(Tolerant) were germinated in Petri-dishes containing aqueous solution of NaHCO₃ at pH of 8.5, 8.8, and 9.2 at 30+1°C in seed germinator. Seed kept for germination on distilled water served as control. Nitrate reductase (NR), Nitrite reductase (NiR) and Glutamine synthetase (GS) activities were assayed in embryonic axis after 72, 96 and 120 h, respectively after soaking. Nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase were higher in USAR-1 fallowed by NDR-501 and IR-24 respectively under normal condition. Glutamine synthetase activity on the other hand, was maximum in NDR-501 and minimum in IR-24. Activities of the entire enzyme increased with growth stage but decreased progressively with increasing level of alkalinity, though the magnitude of reduction was more in intolerant genotype IR-24. Enzymes activity in the tolerant genotype under normal as well as alkaline condition was higher and might be due to their better equipped salt tolerant mechanism. Glutamine synthetase being one of the key regulatory enzymes of nitrogen metabolism. It linked with the molecular basis of salt tolerance in rice genotypes and providing certain degree of protection against hostile environment.

Key words: Alkalinity, glutamine synthetase, nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, and rice.