African Journal of Water Conservation and Sustainability

African Journal of Water Conservation and Sustainability ISSN 2375-0936 Vol. 11 (1), pp. 001-010, January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Biotechnology Contributions in Sustainable Environmental Development

Helmy T. El Zanfaly

Water Pollution Research Dept., National Research Center, Al Bhous Str., Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt Email: [email protected]

Accepted 10 December, 2022

Abstract

As wastewater is heterogeneous compound contains a lot of different organic and inorganic components especially in case of mixing industrial with municipal waste; biological treatment will face the problem of variations in quality of the plant bio-mass. Bacteria and protozoa in both municipal and industrial biological systems may be negatively impacted by temperature, toxic chemicals, high substrate loadings, or variable waste streams. A well designed and operated biological wastewater treatment plant provides an optimum environment for a microbial population to become acclimated to the incoming wastewater. As long as the basic requirements (dissolved oxygen, nutrients and micronutrients, pH and temperature) are met, along with a controlled nutrient source, the treatment objectives are usually be met. Problems arise when the plant become overloaded with a particular waste component to which the indigenous population of microorganisms cannot acclimate. This often results in erratic performance or a plant upset. Application of biotechnology and genetic engineering to find the proper strain(s) is the tool for maximization of pollutants removal. It is often stated that bioremediation is the most economically effective treatment technology available, costing at least one-third less than conventional incineration or land-fill methods. The idea of establish a microbial bank in order to provide the ideal strain(s) of microorganisms for management the removal of specific pollutant(s) beside production of materials with economic value from wastes will be discussed.

Keywords: Environmental pollution, Waste treatment, Bioremediation, Microbial additives and applications, Microbial Bank establishing and environment sustainability.

African Journal of Water Conservation and Sustainability ISSN: 2375-0936 Vol. 10 (4), pp. 001-019, April, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A review of fresh water programming and access options in Ghana West Africa

Grace L. Baldwin^A & Robert M. Stwalley III^A*

^APurdue University Agricultural & Biological Engineering 225 South University StreetWest Lafayette, Indiana  47907-2093 USA

Accepted 03 February, 2022

Abstract

This paper seeks to provide insight into progress addressing secure fresh water access for citizens in Ghana, as well as the work remaining to ensure continuing, universal access to fresh water. Significant progress has been made, but sizable areas do not yet have safe, sustainable potable water supplies. Current ground water source options within the country include drilled, driven, hand-augered, and hand-dug wells. Fresh water is needed throughout the country for domestic use. A broad search of technical, business, and government sources was used for this review. Through this effort, current fresh water programming efforts and the key factors affecting the investment in potable water systems are identified. Future fresh water program planning and implementation suggestions are provided. A brief economic analysis provides insight into the cost-to-benefit ratio for community members and the price points that they are willing to pay for water. The overall literature review suggests that a revamp of significant initiatives aimed at addressing the severe lack of current fresh water resources and disparities by region within the country could have a positive effect on the achievement of universal water access.

Keywords. Augered wells, dug wells, drilled wells, driven wells, Ghana, potable water, WASH, water systems.

African Journal of Water Conservation and Sustainability ISSN: 2375-0936 Vol. 10 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Body composition of freshwater Wallago attu in relation to body size, condition factor and sex from southern Punjab, Pakistan

Muhammad Yousaf*, Abdus Salam and Muhammad Naeem

Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.

Accepted 13 October, 2021

Abstract

Wallago attu is one of the large freshwater catfish found in Pakistan. The rapid growth and high nutritional quality encouraged investigation into the aquaculture potential of this excellent food fish. It was observed that body size had a positive influence on percent ash, percent fat and percent protein contents (wet weight) but there was no significant effect on percent water content. The condition factor had a positive correlation with fat, ash and protein contents (%wet weight) but no influence on percent water content. There was no significant influence of sex on body composition of W. attu. If it is impossible to find out the water content, then the body constituents can be estimated from the wet body weight, total length and condition factor of this species. As the variations in body composition are related to these variables, so the equations of each constituent were estimated. The predictive equations can be used to estimate the body composition with a fair level of accuracy.

Key words: Wallago attu, body size, condition factor, body composition, sex.

African Journal of Water Conservation and Sustainability ISSN: 2375-0936 Vol. 10 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Body composition of freshwater Wallago attu in relation to body size, condition factor and sex from southern Punjab, Pakistan

Muhammad Yousaf*, Abdus Salam and Muhammad Naeem

Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.

Accepted 13 October, 2021

Abstract

Wallago attu is one of the large freshwater catfish found in Pakistan. The rapid growth and high nutritional quality encouraged investigation into the aquaculture potential of this excellent food fish. It was observed that body size had a positive influence on percent ash, percent fat and percent protein contents (wet weight) but there was no significant effect on percent water content. The condition factor had a positive correlation with fat, ash and protein contents (%wet weight) but no influence on percent water content. There was no significant influence of sex on body composition of W. attu. If it is impossible to find out the water content, then the body constituents can be estimated from the wet body weight, total length and condition factor of this species. As the variations in body composition are related to these variables, so the equations of each constituent were estimated. The predictive equations can be used to estimate the body composition with a fair level of accuracy.

Key words: Wallago attu, body size, condition factor, body composition, sex.