ISSN 2756-3448
Global Journal of Food and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2756-3448 Vol. 10 (5), pp. 001-014, May, 2023. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Genotoxicity Assessment of Byproducts (Degradants) Resulting from the Treatment of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) with NanoGuard's Cold Plasma Technology UsingHepG2 Mammalian Cell Immunoblot Analysisand UMU-Chromotest
Michael M. Ndengele1 *,Jackson F. Cummings1, Anthony Behle1, Stephen Reichelt1
1NanoGuard Technologies, Inc., Helix Center Biotech Incubator 1100 Corporate Square Drive, Suite 229, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA.
Accepted 10 May, 2023
Abstract
NanoGuard Technologies Inc. has developed a proprietary High Voltage Atmospheric Cold Plasma (HVACP) treatment which degrades Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on food, feed, and agricultural products.The technology involves ionization of atmospheric air producing ionized air that contains Reactive Gas Species (RGS). The RGS from air are capable of degrading mycotoxins and the ionized airquickly reverts to air. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genotoxicity of AFB1 before and after NanoGuard’s ionized air treatment using immunoblot analysis of histone nuclear protein(H2AX) phosphorylation, and UMU‑Chromotest (umu- or umuC test).Nanoguard’s ionized airtreated AFB1 (test) and untreated AFB1 (control) were used for this genotoxicity evaluation. The HepG2 immunoblot assays showed less induction of γ-H2AX with treated AFB1 compared to the untreated, indicating reduced genotoxicity to human Hep G2 cells. Similarly, UMU analysis with S9 of untreated AFB1 showed genotoxicityas expected, while thetreated AFB1 showed no genotoxicity.
Keywords: Mycotoxin genotoxicity assessment,High voltage atmospheric cold plasma (HVACP) treatment, Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), Histone nuclear protein H2AX phosphorylation (γ‑H2AX)immunoblot analysis, UMU (umuC) Chromotest analysis,Ionized air.