African Journal of Agriculture

African Journal of Agriculture ISSN 2375-1134 Vol. 10 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Survey of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with yams in Edo, Ekiti and Oyo states of Nigeria

A.  A. Adegbite¹, J. O. Saka¹, G. O. Agbaje¹, O. F. Owolade¹, G. O. Olaifa² A. Lawal³ and S. T. Ojo⁴

¹Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, P. M. B. 5029, Moor-Plantation, Ibadan- Nigeria.

²Department of Plant Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife.

³Oyo State Agricultural Development Programme, Zonal Headquarters, Oyo.

⁴Ekiti State Agricultural Development Programme, Ikole-Ekiti.

Accepted 11 November, 2022

Abstract

A survey was conducted to determine the types, frequency and population of plant parasitic nematodes associated with the soils and roots of Yam (Dioscorea spp.) in all Local Government Areas of Edo, Ekiti and Oyo States of Nigeria using random sampling for soil and root and using pie pan modification of Baerman funnel for plant parasitic nematode extraction. Twelve, eleven and ten genera of plant parasitic nematodes were encountered in the three States respectively, while ten genera each were identified from root samples from the three States. Plant-parasitic nematodes recovered included Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus spp., Scutellonema spp., Radopholus spp., Aphelenchoides spp., Trichodorus spp., Rotylenchus spp., Helicotylenchus spp., Aphelenchus spp., Longidorus spp., Xiphinema spp and Rotylenchulus spp. Pratylenchus spp., Scutellonema spp., and Meloidogyne spp were most widely distributed with frequency rating of 70, 60 and 55% respectively in soil samples from Edo State and in the root samples the three genera predominated with 75, 60 and 60% frequency rating respectively. Scutellonema spp., Meloidogyne spp., and Pratylenchus spp were most widely distributed with a frequency rating of 75, 70 and 60% respectively in soil samples from Ekiti State and in the root samples the three genera predominated with 70, 65 and 50% frequency rating respectively while Meloidogyne spp., Scutellonema spp., and Pratylenchus spp were mostly widely distributed with a frequency rating of 70, 65 and 62.7% respectively in soil samples from Oyo State and in the root samples the three genera predominated with 65, 60 and 60% frequency rating respectively.

Key words: - Yam (Dioscorea spp.), types, frequency, population of plant parasitic nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus spp., Scutellonema spp., Radopholus spp.

African Journal of Agriculture ISSN 2375-1134 Vol. 10 (1), pp. 001-008, January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The Inhibition Effect of Thyme and Coriander Essential Oils on of Campylobacter Jejuni and Some of Their Virulence Genes on Chicken Burger and Chicken Shawerma Products

Nagwa Thabet Elsharawy

Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Dept. of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Vet. Med., New Valley Branch, Assiut University, Egypt Author’s Email: [email protected]

Accepted 10 August, 2022

Abstract

Microbial food-borne illness are widespread around the world. Campylobacter jejuni considering one of the most common contaminant of chicken meat products. This study aimed to; evaluate the uses of (coriander and thyme) extracts (EOs) in different methods when added to the popular chicken meat products; chicken burgers and chicken shawerma and storage at 4±1 °C for 14 days against C. jejuni pathogenicity such as; (Iam) and (virB11)virulence genes.100 grams of dried leaves and seeds of coriander and thyme water extracted. C. jejuni, (Iam) and (virB11) were collected, enrichment to determine antimicrobial activity by sensitivity test of thyme and coriander EOs compared with ciprofloxacin. 7 kilograms of chicken (burger and shawerma) mixed with 1%,2%,3% concentrations of coriander or/and thyme and control samples. Results revealed that negative effect of EO against C. jejuni, with 2cm inhibition zone around the disc immersed by 3% thyme EO and 4 cm inhibition zone around mixture of coriander and thyme Eos disc. The higher level of C. jejuni were observed on control (untreated) different chicken samples then C. jejuni and(Iam & VirB11) genes level decreased gradually from 1% conc. Until reach the highest inhibition effect on 3% thyme EO treated. The mixture between both types of EOs 3% concentration. The effect was nearly similar on both types of chicken products (chicken burger & chicken shawerma). In conclusion, this survey revealed that thyme and coriander EOs mixture can be used to stop the growth of campylobacter jejuni and some C. jejuni (Iam & VirB11)virulence genes as Gram –ve bacteria especially in high concentration in vitro conditions and may be suitable for preventing the foodborne disease especially in highly perishable food. Further research needed for study and enhancement the application of other herbs essential oils.

Keywords:  Natural preservatives, VirB11, Chicken meat, food poisoning, Thyme, Sensitivity Test.

African Journal of Agriculture ISSN 2375-1134 Vol. 10 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Prevalence of Cryptosporidiosis and Intestinal Parasites among Immunocompromised Patients in Khartoum State- Sudan

Saeed, Abdelgadir Saeed Mohammed ¹, Ahmed Bakheet Abd Alla²*, Hamid Suliman Abdullah³, Tayseer Elamin Mohamed Elfaki², Ali Elamin Nasir⁴, Mohamed Mobarak Elbaheir⁵ and Ezzalarab Kamil Ahmed⁴

¹School of Medical Laboratory Sciences- Sharq El Neil College, Khartoum, Sudan.

*²Head Department of Parasitology ad Medical Entomology- College of Medical Laboratory Science- Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.

^2,4Department of Parasitology ad Medical Entomology- College of Medical Laboratory Science- Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.

³ Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum Sudan.

⁵Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science- Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan.

Accepted 14 October, 2022

Abstract

This cross-sectional study was carried out in Khartoum state, Sudan during the period from September 2013 to August 2016. The study conducted on 384 patients, 179 were males and 205 were females, with the mean age was 36±12yeas old. Stool samples were taken from all immunocompromised patients; all samples were examined for Cryptosporidium spp using wet preparation and Formal ether concentration technique. The study showed that the overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp was (19.8%). The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp increased gradually with age reaching (8.9%) among the age group 15- 30 years old followed by (5.7%)among age group 31- 45 years old and (5.2%)among age group 46 - 60 years old. From the study, 7 species of intestinal parasites were detected in 266 (69.2%) stool samples, G. lamblia were 134 (34.9%), E. histolytica were 54 (14.1%), H. nanawere38 (9.9%), S. mansoni were12 (3.1%), Taenia spp. was21(5.5%), T. trichiura were 1 (0.3%) and S. stercoralis were 6 (1.6%).

Keywords: Cryptosporidiosis, Intestinal parasites, Immunocompromised.

African Journal of Agriculture ISSN 2375-1134 Vol. 9 (6), pp. 001-003, June, 2022. Available online at https://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajaoas/table-of-contents © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

Analysis of Ferulic Acid and Its Derivatives Using Thin Layer Chromatography

Leonard Vuyani Mabinya¹*, Tungamirai Mafunga¹ and John Morgan Brand²

¹Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
²Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.

Accepted 18 May, 2022

Abstract

The analysis of certain phenolic compounds from plants, and their chemical transformation with microorganisms or isolated enzymes, has application in the food and pharmaceutical industry. The rapid quantitative estimation of ferulic acid by thin layer chromatography is described by measurement of the area of the obtained spots. Furthermore, the qualitative analysis of a number of related phenolics, some of which are transformation products of ferulic acid, is achieved on thin layer chromatographic plates by the use of different spray reagents.

Key words: Phenolic compounds, quantitative, qualitative, ferulic acid, thin layer chromatography.
 

African Journal of Agriculture ISSN 2375-1134 Vol. 9 (5), pp. 001-004, May, 2022. Available online at https://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajaoas/table-of-contents © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluating the Effects of Dietary Mushrooms on Lipid Metabolism in Albino Rat Models

Oyetayo, F.L

Department of Biochemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 8 March, 2022

Abstract

The potentials of two tropical edible mushrooms: Pleurtotus tuber- regium and Termitomycetes clypeatus in altering the plasma levels of some lipids in male albino rats fed high fat diets were investigated. Rats were randomly assigned to diet containing 20% fat, P. tuber-regium diet and T. clypeatus diet. Total body weight gain of rats fed mushroom diets were not significantly different (P>0.05) from one another. After a 28-day feeding trial, plasma total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides concentrations were found to be significantly lower (P<0.05) than control while high density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher (P<0.05). The implications of these findings highlight the hypolipidemic properties of the two tropical edible mushrooms.

Key words: Pleurotus tuber-regium, Termitomycetes clypeatus, lipoproteins, hypolipidemic property.

African Journal of Agriculture ISSN 2375-1134 Vol. 9 (4), pp. 001-007, April, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Decomposition and nitrogen release by green manure legume residues in different soil types

Jude J. O. Odhiambo

University of Venda, Department of Soil Science, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +27 15 962 8431. Fax: +27 15 962 4749/8598.

Accepted 19 November, 2021

Abstract

A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted over a 16-week period to determine decomposition and N release by three green manure legume species, Mucuna (Mucuna pruriens), Lablab (Lablab purpureus cv. Rongai) and Sunhemp (Crotalaria juncea), in three soil types from South Africa. The amount of N mineralized from the residues was determined at 2, 4, 8 and 16 weeks from the onset of incubation. Nitrogen release pattern of the three legume residues followed a similar pattern in all the three soils, with sunhemp treated soil having the highest amount of mineral N after 16 weeks of incubation in all the three soils, followed by lablab and then mucuna. The amount of mineral N ranged from 121 to170, 96 to 134 and 92 to 108 mg kg^-1 in the sunhemp, lablab and mucuna treated soils, respectively. The cumulative amounts of N from the legume residues mineralized recovered as mineral N in soil after 16 weeks of incubation ranged from 21 - 41% (92 - 121 mg kg^-1), 30 - 68% (108 - 170 mg kg^-1) and 26 - 60% (93 - 147 mg kg^-1) of the initial added N contained in the residues in the soils with 62, 20 and 12% clay contents, respectively. Less than 50% of the initial added N was mineralized in the high clay content soil. Mineralization rate constant, k, was significantly correlated to the residue N content, net mineralized N, C/N ratio and Lignin/N ratio. Results from this study indicated that all the three legumes could contribute significant amounts of N for uptake by plants, with sunhemp tending to release N at a faster rate, followed by lablab and then mucuna. High clay content in soil slowed down N mineralization.

Key words: Green manure legumes, incubation, decomposition, N release, soil type.