ISSN 2375-091X
Research Article
African Journal of Tropical Agriculture ISSN 2375-091X Vol. 7 (11), pp. 001-005, November, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Inhibition of aflatoxin-producing aspergilli by lactic acid bacteria isolates from indigenously fermented cereal gruels
A. A. Onilude*, O. E. Fagade, M. M. Bello and I. F. Fadahunsi
Microbial Physiology and Biotechnology Research, Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, NIGERIA.
Accepted 22 August, 2019
Abstract
A total of six lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates were selected from five indigenously fermented cereal gruels and identified as Lactobacillus fermentum OYB, Lb. fermentum RS2, Lb. plantarum MW, Lb. plantarum YO, Lb. brevis WS3, and Lactococcus spp. RS3. Six aflatoxin- producing aspergilli were also selected from the various food sources. Two of the isolates, identified as Aspergillus parasiticus C2 and A. parasiticus AF7, produced both aflatoxin B1 and G while the other four identified as A. flavus M1, A. flavus B4, A flavus B5 and A. flavus C6, produced only aflatoxin B1. Each of the LAB isolates inhibited the growth of at least a toxin-producing Aspergillus. The maximum inhibitions were shown by Lb. plantarum YO, which was able to inhibit the vegetative and sporulative growth of all the aflatoxin-producing aspergilli. Lactococcus spp. RS3 and Lb. brevis WS3 were only able to inhibit A. parasiticus C7 reasonably and A. flavus B5 and C6 mildly.
Key words: Inhibition, Lactic acid bacteria, aflatoxin-producing aspergilli.
O. E. Fagade, A. A. Onilude*, M. M. Bello and I. F. Fadahunsi
Page: 1 - 5
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJTA/1102Short Communication
African Journal of Tropical Agriculture ISSN 2375-091X Vol. 7 (11), pp. 001-003, November, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Cultivation of mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) on banana leaves
Belewu, M. A.* and Belewu, K.Y.
Microbial Biotechnology and Dairy Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
Accepted 19 September, 2019
Abstract
Following the solid state fermentation of banana leaves (Musa sapientum lina) by lignin degrading mushroom (Volvariella volvacea), yield of fruiting bodies and compositional changes of the substrate were evaluated using a student parametric “T” test model. The biological efficiency was 5.21 while the total weight of fruit yield was 2.5 kg. The percentage biomass loss was 18.20%. The banana leaves treated with V. volvacea exhibited losses primarily in the polysaccharide components and with a greater percentage of the fibre components being degraded. The crude protein content was enhanced by the incubation of the mushroom due probably to the addition of microbial protein. The acid detergent lignin (ADL) was significantly reduced in the fungus treated sample. The acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) followed similar trend but, the cellulose and hemicellulose increased. The development of this simple technology is expected to improve the yield of mushroom as well as provide sustainable feed (spent substrate) for ruminant animals.
Key words: Banana leaves, Volvariella volvacea, chemical composition, ruminant animals.
Belewu , M. A.* and Belewu, K.Y.
Page: 1 - 3
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJTA/1101Research Article
African Journal of Tropical Agriculture ISSN 2375-091X Vol. 7 (11), pp. 001-005, November, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Comparative effects of Apron plus 50DS and soil amendment on the growth, yield and food components of soybean
A. A. Adegbite1*, G. O. Agbaje1, L. O. Adegbite2, L. B. Taiwo1 and R. O. Awodoyin3
1Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.M.B.5029, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria.
2Oyo State Agricultural Development Programme, Ibadan/Ibarapa Zonal Headquarters Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria.
3Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Accepted 07 July, 2019
Abstract
Comparative effects of Apron plus 50DS (a systemic fungicide) and soil amendment (poultry droppings) on growth yield and food components of soybean (TGX 1485-1D) were studied. Soybean seeds treated with recommended dose of Apron plus 50DS had lower percentage germination when compared to the other treatments while the untreated seeds (control) had the highest percentage germination. Seeds treated with Apron plus and planted on amended soil gave the best performance in terms of development and yield. Biochemical analysis of harvested seeds showed an increase in protein content of seeds treated with recommended dose of Apron plus, planted on amended soil. Seeds treated with less than the recommended dose had the highest percentage carbohydrate content, while untreated seeds planted on amended soil had the lowest carbohydrate content. The control experiment had the highest percentage crude fibre while the lowest was recorded for seeds treated with recommended dose of Apron plus, planted on amended soil. However, there is no significant difference among the treatments in percentage ash and moisture content.
Key words: Apron plus 50DS, soil amendment, soybean, yield.
L. O. Adegbite, G. O. Agbaje, L. B. Taiwo and R. O. Awodoyin, A. A. Adegbite*
Page: 1 - 5
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJTA/1100Research Article
African Journal of Tropical Agriculture ISSN 2375-091X Vol. 7 (10), pp. 001-006, October, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of agrowastes, pH and temperature variation on the growth of Volvariella volvacea
Akinyele, B.J.* and Adetuyi, F.C.
Microbiolgy Department, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704 Akure, Nigeria.
Accepted 11 March, 2019
Abstract
The effect of pH and temperature variations on the growth of Volvariella volvacea cultivated on various agricultural wastes singly and in various combinations was studied. A pH range of 5.5 to 8.5 recorded the maximum mycelia yield and the highest mycelia weight was recorded at pH 6.5. The mycelia yield decreased at pH above 6.5 while poor mycelia growth of the mushroom and the least mycelia weight was recorded at pH 2.0. High mycelia growth of the mushroom was also observed between 25°C and 30°C with the highest mycelia dry weight of 80.0 mg obtained at 30°C, and the least mycelia dry weight of 0.5 mg obtained at 10°C . The use of these wastes in mushroom cultivation enhances the biological recycling of nutrients.
Key words: Agricultural wastes, temperature, pH, Volvariella volvacea.
F.C. , Akinyele , B.J.* and Adetuyi
Page: 1 - 6
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJTA/1099Research Article
African Journal of Tropical Agriculture ISSN 2375-091X Vol. 7 (9), pp. 001-006, September, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of harvest stage and drying methods on germination and seed-borne fungi of maize (Zea mays L.) in South West Nigeria
Owolade, O. F.1*, Alabi, B. S.1, Enikuomehin, O.A.2 and Atungwu, J. J.2
1Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria.
2Department of Crop Protection, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
Accepted 16 May, 2019
Abstract
Germination of seed and infection by seed-borne fungi of two maize varieties DMRLSR-W and DMRLSR-Y as affected by stage of harvest and method of drying were studied in the growing seasons of year 2002 and 2003 at the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria. The experiment was a split -plot arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Ears were harvested at 30, 35, 40, and 45 days after tasselling (DAT). Extracted seeds were dried to 13-14% moisture content (i) in shade, (ii) in sun, and (iii) artificially at 45oC in a Thermax batch type seed drier. “Initial” and “final” germination tests were conducted immediately after harvest and drying, respectively. Significant higher percentage germination was associated with seeds from cobs harvested 35 DAT which were sun dried. The highest 100-seed weight was recorded in seeds from cobs harvested 45 DAT irrespective of drying method. Associated fungi were isolated by plating seeds on potato dextrose agar. Results indicated seeds from ears harvested at 30 and 35 DAT irrespective of drying method were not infected with Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium graminearium, Botryodiplodia theobromae and Drechslera maydis. However, seed germination was significantly lower for seeds from ears harvested at 30 DAT. Aspergillus sp. were isolated from all the seeds irrespective of stage of harvest and drying method. Penicillium sp. was not isolated from any of the seeds dried artificially. Significant higher percentage germination was associated with seeds from cobs harvested 35 DAT which were sun dried. Maximum 100-seed weight was recorded in seeds from ears harvested 45 DAT irrespective of drying method.
Key words: Seed-borne, fungi, harvest, stage, drying, germination, Zea mays.
|
African Journal of Tropical Agriculture ISSN 2375-091X Vol. 7 (9), pp. 001-006, September, 2019. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals |
O. F.*, B. S., Enikuomehin , J. J., Owolade , Alabi , O.A. and Atungwu
Page: 1 - 10
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJTA/1098Research Article
African Journal of Tropical Agriculture ISSN 2375-091X Vol. 7 (9), pp. 001-006, September, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of plantain (Musa spp.) cultivar Agbagba
L. Tripathi*, J. N. Tripathi and J. d'A. HughesY
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PO Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda
YCurrent Address- AVRDC-The World Vegetable Center, P.O. Box 42, Shanhua, Tainan 74199, Taiwan.
Accepted 14 April, 2019
Abstract
An Agrobacterium- mediated plant transformation system was developed for the production of transgenic plantain [ Musa spp. cultivar Agbagba (AAB)]. Apical shoot tips were transformed using Agrobacterium strain EHA105 with the binary vector pCAMBIA 1201, having the hygromycin resistance gene as a selection marker and GUS-INT as a reporter gene. Transient expression of the b-glucuronidase (uid A) gene was achieved in transformed apical shoot tips. The hygromycin resistant shoots were regenerated 4 to 5 weeks after co-cultivation of explants with Agrobacterium. The two step selection procedure allowed the regeneration of shoots which were uniformly transformed. The integration of the uid A gene was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot analysis. In this study, transformation based on regeneration from apical shoot tips has been demonstrated. This process does not incorporate steps using disorganized cell cultures but uses micropropagation, which has the important advantage that it allows regeneration of homogeneous populations of plants in a short period of time. This study shows the enormous potential for genetic manipulation of Musa species for disease and pest resistance, as well as abiotic factors, using a rapid and non-species specific transformation and regeneration system.
Key words: Plantain, Musa, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, apical shoot tip.
L. Tripathi*, J. N. Tripathi and J. d'A. Hughesï™
Page: 1 - 6
https://doi.org/10.46882/AJTA/1097