African Journal of Tropical Agriculture

African Journal of Tropical Agriculture ISSN 2375-091X Vol. 7 (4), pp. 001-005, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of carbon sources, substrates, leachates, and water grades on germinability of Phomopsis vexans

Jameel Akhtar¹ Abdul Khalid² and Bijendra Kumar³

¹Department of Plant Pathology, BAU, Ranchi-834006 (JH), India

^2,3Department of Plant Pathology, GBPUA&T, Pantnagar-263145 (UK), India

Accepted 15 January, 2019

Abstract

The five isolates of the pathogen Phomopsis vexans formed both types of conidia that is a and b conidia. Both the conidia were exposed to plant parts, plant leachates, and different grades of water as well as to different carbon sources. Among the substrates, leaf promoted maximum germination of a conidia. Among leachates, leaf leachate was found best and glucose among the carbon sources was most effective in enhancing germination of the pathogen isolates.

Key words: Phomopsis blight, Phomopsis vexans, brinjal.

African Journal of Tropical Agriculture ISSN 2375-091X Vol. 7 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of single application of Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens on growth promotion in cotton plants

V. Shanmugaiah^1,2*, N. Balasubramanian², S. Gomathinayagam², P. T. Manoharan³ and A. Rajendran¹

¹P. G. Department and Research Centre of Botany, V. H. N. S. N. College, Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, India.

²Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai - 600 025, India.

³Department of Botany, Vivekananda College, Thiruvedagam West - 625217, Tamil Nadu, India.

Accepted 15 October, 2018

Abstract

The most important and economically cultivated cotton plant was selected to test the growth promotion by Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluroescens with and without pathogens, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina. Of these, T. viride was found to be more effective than P. fluroescens on shoot and root length elongation. Seed germination percentage, root length, shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight and vigour index were significantly increased by T. viride and P. fluroescens . T. viride inoculated cotton plants increased 2.7 and 2.4 fold, where as P. fluorescens increased 2 and 1.8 fold for shoot and root length respectively. Pre-treated cotton seeds by T. viride showed 4 and 3.1 fold and P. fluorescens showed 3.1 and 2.8 fold shoot and root length elongation respectively when compared with the control.

Key words: Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescens, cotton plant, plant growth promotion.

African Journal of Tropical Agriculture ISSN 2375-091X Vol. 7 (3), pp. 001-011, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Recent progress on genetic analysis of novel mutants and aneuploid research in grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.)

Dibyendu Talukdar

Department of Botany, R. P. M. College, Uttarpara 712258, Hoogly, West Bengal, India. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected].

Accepted 19 November, 2018

Abstract

A good number of diploid genetic mutants, RILs and different cytogenetic stocks including a complete set of primary trisomics and tetrasomics, some tertiary trisomics, double trisomics and 10 reciprocal translocation lines were developed and being characterized in induced mutant population of seven different grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) varieties. Genetic basis of mutants has been investigated in intercrossed population and using trisomics some of them were localized on chromosome. Utilization of these novel genetic and cytogenetic stocks in improvement of grass pea with high yield and low seed neurotoxin, ODAP potential has been reviewed in this communication.

Key words: Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.), recombinant inbred lines (RILs), ODAP.

African Journal of Tropical Agriculture ISSN 2375-091X Vol. 7 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Potential of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) as biocontrol agent of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleopetera: Bruchidae)

Ngamo, T. S. L.¹, Kouninki, H.², Ladang, Y. D.^1*, Ngassoum, M. B.¹, Mapongmestsem, P. M.¹ and Hance T.²

¹University of Ngaoundéré, Faculty of Sciences, P. O. Box 454, Cameroon.

²Laboratory of Ecology and Biogeography, Research Center on the Biodiversity, 4-5 Place Croix du Sud, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.

Accepted 15 November, 2018

Abstract

The bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleopetera: Bruchidae) is a major pest of stored cowpea Vigna unguiculata (Walp.) in Africa and particularly in northern Cameroon. Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) parasitoid of its larval stages, could be used in the biological control of this grain pest. In field conditions, 5 months samples in small holder granaries established the phenological relationship between this parasitoid and its host. Large amount of A. calandrae may efficiently control C. maculatus infestations. Laboratory assays made an evidence of the preference of A. calandrae to parasitise 4th instar larvae of C. maculatus. To estimate the suitable density of the infesting population of parasitoid, other experiments pointed out that one mated female induced reduction of 4.97% of emergence of C. maculatus while 4 females performed more. The reduction of emergence observed was 42.34%. In suitable density, A. calandrae may play an important role in the biological control of C. maculatus on cowpea during storage.

Key words: Anisopteromalus calandrae, biological control, Cameroon, Callosobruchus maculatus, Cowpea.

African Journal of Tropical Agriculture ISSN 2375-091X Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Cloning and analysis of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene from Cordyceps militaris

Zhenhua Gong¹, Ying Su¹, Lei Huang¹, Juan Lin², Kexuan Tang¹ and Xuanwei Zhou¹*

¹Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R and D Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China.

²State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R and D Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China.

Accepted 25 October, 2018

Abstract

A gene encoding a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) gene was isolated from Cordyceps militaris using degenerate PCR and Thermal Asymmetric Interlaced PCR (TAIL -PCR) technology. Analysis of 4493 bp segments (Cmgpd) revealed the cloned gene contains a 2515 bp 5’ upstream region, a 1296 bp coding region and a 682 bp 3’ downstream region. The coding region contains a 279 bp intron. After cutting the intron, the open reading frame (ORF) with 1017 bp encodes a polypeptide of 338 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence indicates a proprotein with a molecular weight of 36.18 kDa. There are one TATA box and two possible CAAT boxes lying in the 5’ upstream region. The deduced amino acid sequence of C. militaris GPD shared different homology (ranging from 77-94%) with gpd genes from yeast and filamentous fungi species, such as Beauveria bassiana, Gibberella zeae, Myrothecium gramineum. The cloning of the gene not only provides a basis for the further investigation of its structure, expression and regulation mechanism, but also the upstream promoter of Cmgpd has the potential use for directing high and constitutive expression of homologous and heterologous genes.

Key words: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, Cordyceps militaris, TAIL-PCR, promoter.

African Journal of Tropical Agriculture ISSN 2375-091X Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Epizootological analysis of PPR spread on African continent and in Asian countries

Koshemetov Zhumagaly Kaukarbayevich

Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems NBC Republic of Kazakhstan, Gvardeiskiy. E -mail: [email protected]. Tel.: 8(3272)731069. Tel: 87016626112.

Accepted 19 July, 20018

Abstract

The paper presents the results of the study of the PPR spread over the territory of African and Asian countries and contains the overall estimate of its invasion to new territories on the globe via affection of more resistant breeds of small ruminants. Moreover the data reflect wide spread of PPR in the Republic of Tajikistan (Central Asia) among goats at the end of the 20^th century.

Key words: PPR (peste des petits ruminants), Africa, Asia.