African Journal of Wood Science and Forestry

African Journal of Wood Science and Forestry ISSN 2375-0979 Vol. 8 (9), pp. 001-008, September, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effects of exogenic benzoic acid and cinnamic acid on the root oxidative damage of tomato seedlings

En-Ping Zhang*, Shu-Hong Zhang, Wen-Bo Zhang Liang-Liang Li and Tian-Lai Li

College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, China.

Accepted 17 September, 2019

Abstract

A systematic experiment was conducted to examine the effects of main autotoxic substances (benzoic acid and cinnamic acid), which was separated in our previous study, on roots oxidative damage of tomato seedlings. Potted tomato seedlings were cultured in perlite and treated with benzoic acid (BA) and cinnamic acid (CA) as exogenous autotoxins. Changes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and malonaldehyde (MDA) in roots were measured. The results showed that MDA contents were enhanced when treated with both BA and CA, especially in BA with a concentration of 10 mM on the 20^th day. Activities of SOD, CAT and POD varied depending on autotoxins (BA or CA), their time of action and concentration. The SOD activity was increased by BA on the 5^th day but decreases on the 10^th and 20^th day, which was increased by CA on the 5^th and 10^th day but decreases on the 20^th day. The POD activity was enhanced on the 5^th and 10^th day (except the 10 mM CA on the 10^th day), but reduced on the 10^th day. With the application of both BA and CA, the CAT activity presented a peal on the 10^th day and was inhibited on the 20^th day and even under the level of the control. Results indicated the adverse effects of exogenous BA and CA on enzymes of antioxidant defence system resulting in lipid peroxidation in roots of tomato seedlings.

Key words: Exogenous autotoxins, enzymes of antioxidant defence system, lipid peroxidation, tomato seedling.

African Journal of Wood Science and Forestry ISSN 2375-0979 Vol. 8 (9), pp. 001-005, September, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Correlation studies in wild apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) plus trees

Amit Kumar* and S. Bhan

KVK/ETC, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir Malangpora, Pulwama (J & K), India.

Accepted 14 July, 2019

Abstract

Wild apricot seeds collected from 167 selected trees were evaluated and considerable genetic variation for oil content, stone and kernel characters were recorded. Oil content ranged from 50.05 - 57.97%, while range of stone length, breadth and thickness was from 14.64 - 26.48, 12.26 - 21.49 and 8.63 - 14.65 mm, respectively. Stone and kernel weight varied between 66.60 - 295.10 and 18.20 - 68.18 g. Kernel size (length, breadth and thickness) and weight are most desirable characters which affect oil percentage. On the basis of the correlation studies, it was found that kernel thickness (0.292) and kernel weight (0.236) was positively and highly significantly correlated with the oil content along with the stone thickness (0.211). However, kernel weight has positive and highly significant correlation with all the stone and kernel characters.

Key words: Wild apricot, Prunus armeniaca, genetic variation, correlation, stone, kernel.

African Journal of Wood Science and Forestry ISSN 2375-0979 Vol. 8 (8), pp. 001-004, August, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Bio-efficacy of spinosad against tomato fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hub.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its natural enemies

Amalendu Ghosh¹*, Monilal Chatterjee¹ and Agamananda Roy²

¹Department of Agricultural Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India- 741 252, India.

²Product Technology Specialist, Dow AgroSciences India Pvt. Ltd., India.

Accepted 05 November, 2019

Abstract

The tomato fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera Hub. is a polyphagous pest attacking cotton, tomato, okra, chilli, cabbage, pigeon pea, gram etc. throughout the world as well as in India. Due to its high fecundity, polyphagous nature, quick adaptation against insecticides, control of this pest with any single potent toxicant for a long time is quiet difficult and rather impossible. So the newer chemicals need to be evaluated for controlling this pest. Field experiment was under taken for two cropping seasons during September - December, 2006 and September - December, 2007 to find out the efficacy of Spinosad 45% SC against tomato fruit borer (H. armigera Hub.) along with Quinalphos 25% EC, Lambda cyhalothrin 5% EC and Cypermethrin 10 EC at ‘Gayespur’ village (Nadia, West-Bengal, India). It was found that Spinosad was effective against H. armigera on tomato at 73 to 84 gm a.i./ha than Quinalphos, Lambda cyhalothrin and Cypermethrin. Spinosad at 73 to 84 g a.i./ha were very safe to three important predators recorded in tomato field that is, Menochilus sexmaculaus., Syrphus corollae and Chrysoperla carnea. Spinosad is one of such new chemicals which is derived from fermentation broth of soil actinomycetes, Saccharopolyspora spinosa, containing a naturally occurring mixture of spinosyn A and spinosyn D. It is safe to nymphs and adults of the natural enemies.

Key words: Spinosad, Helicoverpa armigera, tomato, natural enemies.

African Journal of Wood Science and Forestry ISSN 2375-0979 Vol. 8 (8), pp. 001-008, August, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Genetic variability and character association analysis in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

V. K. Sharma, C. S. Semwal and S. P. Uniyal

Department of vegetable science, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Hill Campus, Ranichauri- 249199, India.

Accepted 17 April, 2020

Abstract

The present investigation on genetic variability including mean, genotypic and phenotypic variances, coefficient of variation, heritability, and genetic advance was conducted on genetically diverse twenty three genotypes of bell pepper. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes for all the traits. On the basis of mean performance, genotypes PRC-1, SSP, Kandaghat Sel. and Ranichauri Sel-1 were outperformed for fruit yield per plant, average fruit weight, number of fruits per plant and took less number of days to 50% flowering. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were high for fruit yield per plant and ascorbic acid content indicating that these traits had wide genetic variability and would respond better to selection. High heritability and high genetic advance were recorded for average fruit weight, fruit yield per plant, fruit diameter, number of lobes per fruit, days to first harvest, leaf area and ascorbic acid content indicating the role of additive gene action for the inheritance of these traits. At genotypic levels, the traits fruit length, fruit diameter and number of fruits per plant revealed significant positive correlation with fruit yield per plant. Number of fruits per plant exhibited the highest positive direct effect followed by average fruit weight, number of branches per plant, pedicel length and harvest duration at genotypic level.

Key words: Garden pea, GCV, PCV, heritability, correlation, path analysis

African Journal of Wood Science and Forestry ISSN 2375-0979 Vol. 8 (7), pp. 001-008, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of cultivar on minor components in Tunisia olive fruits cultivated in microclimate

Ouni Youssef¹*, Flamini Guido², Douja Daoud¹ and Zarrouk Mokhtar¹

¹Laboratoire Caractérisation et Qualité de l’huile d’Olive, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cedria, B. P. 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.

²Dipartimento di Chimica Bioorganicae Biofarmacia, via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.

Accepted 15 October, 2019

Abstract

This paper evaluates the usefulness of three chemical parameters (composition of volatiles compounds, total phenols and fatty acids) as a tool to discriminate the olive oils obtained from three varieties (Oueslati, Chemlali and Chetoui). These varieties are included among the cultivars permitted by the disciplinary for the production of the ‘‘Kairouan olive oil’’, a Tunisian protected designation of origin (PDO) product. The olives were collected during the year crop 2009/2010 from the same orchard (calcareous soil), in order to eliminate geographical and climatic influences. Analysis of the effect of cultivar on the different analytical values, revealed statistically significant differences in some parameters, mainly in free fatty acid and phenol contents and oxidative stability. Furthermore, most of the quality indices and fatty acid composition showed significant variations among olive varieties. Oueslati variety had the highest values of oleic acid, whereas Chetoui was noteworthy for its high content of phenolic compounds. The major volatile component was the C6 aldehyde fraction whose content varied greatly between the different varieties: the (E)-2-hexenal content ranged from 20.9% in the oil obtained from the Oueslati variety to 7.7% in the case of Chemlali one; the amount of hexanal ranged from 10.2% in Oueslati to 3.7% in Chetoui. These results suggest that the genetic factor (cultivar) influences the volatiles formation.

Key words: Cultivar, volatiles, quality indices, phenols.