International Journal of Education Research and Reviews

International Journal of Educational Research and Reviews ISSN 2329-9843 Vol. 3 (5), pp. 269-272, July, 2015.  © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Prevalence of women matriculation in Argentinean Medical schools: Identification of possible reasons underlying an apparently broader phenomenon

*Torcuato L. Francis, Florencio Zoran Bucay and Bernardo Milstein

Department of Education, University of Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

*Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 15 March, 2015

Abstract

This paper examines reasons of potential relevance concerning the increase of female matriculation through a poll, applied to 130 female and 75 male students, among 500 admitted ones at two Argentinean medical schools (2003-2005), both of them relevant in what concerns to their dimensions and standards. This poll was qualitatively combined with an interview performed to 52 gender equated students among the 205 participants.Majority of females (82%) and males (80%) firstly thought of Medicine at the age of 15±1 years and 16±1 years old and made their final decision for it when aged 16±1 years (85% females) and 17±1 years (84% males). For making this decision, females reported that their higher influence from final decision was from persons close to them and mass media (39% versus 52%, p<0.008), and higher attraction for Biology (53% vs. 10%, p<0.007). They did not give relevance to the social status of Medicine and its likely condition of independent profession was not reported as relevant either (2% versus 18% and 2% versus 30%, respectively; p<0.007 in both cases). Most participants (93.5 % of both gender combined) perceived Medicine as their only self-satisfying career, referring no previous university studies. Qualitatively, females reported feeling capable of facing the challenges of Medicine and of reaching any hierarchic level. Likewise, Medicine was believed to offer access to several functions, providing autonomy and possibilities for promoting human aspects and personal values. Exceeding their roles beyond that of a socio-cultural interactive image women-mother- physician, they envisage to the male-tailored Medicine as a challenge for reverting such status.

Keyword: Matriculation, feminine, medical schools, Argentina

International Journal of Educational Research and Reviews ISSN 2329-9843 Vol. 3 (6), pp. 468-475, August, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Rural development and poverty reduction in Rwanda: The place of Cooperative Association

*Otengo Nebanda¹, Syda Bahati² and Rebecca Anite²

¹Department of Business Administration, Kabale University, Uganda.

²Department of Development Studies, Kabale University, Uganda.

*Corresponding author Email: [email protected]

Accepted 3 June, 2015

Abstract

This study examined cooperative association as a tool for rural development and property reduction in Rwanda. Case study of cooperative Abahuzamugambi ba Kawa based in Maraba sector, Huye District in southern province . The sample population comprises the members, management, and Board of the Abahuzamuyambi ba kawa. The research questionnaire was used to gather data from members, management and the populace. The research questions focused on the principles of cooperative identity, participation and decision making, internal and external communications, organisational and leadership development, the relationship between the cooperative’s leadership, the initiatives of people to lift themselves out of poverty, the knowledge would support poor people own development. The findings of the study is on the rural cooperatives association and the need for education programming in the areas of cooperative member ownership and ways in which to increase participation in decision making.The cooperative associations have proven to be the best means to realise developmental goals, and poverty reduction working in a humble way at grassroot levels. Cooperatives association can participate directly in agriculture and industry thus creating employment and increasing productivity, which are the major causes of poverty.It is also deduced that, cooperatives associations help farmers to market firms products. The cooperative Abahuzamugambi ba Kawa was set up in Maraba sector to collect coffee from farmers and fructify it on behalf of members. This has contributed to the economic well-being of members as well as people within that area.This research only tried to articulate the cooperative association as a tool for rural development and poverty reduction in Rwanda. When all strategies have been tried, and we expecting fully result; cooperatives association as a tool to reduce poverty and improve rural development have to employ. So far, we have been getting good result from it.

Keywords: Cooperative, Association, Rural Development, Poverty Reduction, Strategies.

International Journal of Educational Research and Reviews ISSN 2329-9843 Vol. 3 (7), pp. 397-403, September, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Developing countries and education, work and productivity

*Ronnie B. Jani, Joel Hood Joffe and Gavin Phillip

Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 5 August, 2015

Abstract

By education, it is meant a Euro-American system of knowledge creation and dissemination which developed first in Europe and America but spread to developing countries through colonization. Although the developing world had its systems of education before the arrival of the colonizers, the advertised attractions of modern education were that, the new education had the potentials of providing modern employment and producing goods and services that guarantee a good life. These assertions have not held true, especially in developing countries; which, suggests that the assumed links among education, work and productivity are not that automatic but depend on working out carefully isolated political and socio-economic factors and on continuous strategizing schemes. The provision of answers to the following questions would constitute the beginning of the establishment of a firm relation among education, work and productivity in developing countries: What are those areas of the national life that offer opportunities for productive work? What are the needs of developed countries in industrial raw materials, in leisure, in arts and aesthetics and in learning that developing countries can respond to and satisfy? And What are the needs of other developing countries in industrial raw materials, leisure, arts and aesthetics and learning that another developing country can satisfy?

Keywords: Education, work, productivity, developing countries.

Key words: Sports, education, games, secondary schools, teachers.

International Journal of Educational Research and Reviews ISSN 2329-9843 Vol. 3 (10), pp. 553-561, December, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Compulsory education access for rural migrant children in urban China

*Yao Wenjun, Shang Teng Guangxian and Chen Tony Yuanqing

Department of Guidance and Counselling, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Corresponding Authors E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 9 June, 2015

Abstract

In this study, we examined the educational challenges faced by the children of rural migrants who have increasingly come to Chinese cities in large numbers seeking employment. Based on large-scale surveys of students in public, licensed private, and unlicensed private schools in nine cities (small, medium, and large), we found that access to public schools was easier for children in small and medium cities than for those in large cities, but in all cities, the children faced discrimination on several levels (e.g., extra fees, difficulty traveling to and from school). To mitigate the problems faced by these children and acknowledge the importance of their parents in sustaining China's rapid economic growth, we propose several solutions that should be implemented by Chinese educational decision-makers. In particular, more resources (funding, teachers, and support staff) should be allocated to meet the needs of these children and their parents.

Keyword: Compulsory education, rural migrants' children, urban China.