International Journal of Medical Advances and Discoveries

Key words: Foreign body, penis, scrotum.

International Journal of Medical Advances and Discovery ISSN 2756-3812 Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-003, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

Mixed medullary and follicular carcinoma of the thyroid – A rare entity

Kafil Akhtar*, S. Shamshad Ahmad, Sufian Zaheer and Shiasta M. Vasenwala

Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.

Accepted 21 November, 2019

Abstract

Mixed medullary–follicular carcinoma is an uncommon tumor of the thyroid. It is characterized by histological and immunohistochemical features of both follicular and parafollicular C cells. We report a case of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid in a 26 year old female, which on light microscopy, showed not only the well known arrangement of cells in sheets and nests, but also unequivocal follicular structures. Precise diagnosis of mixed medullary-follicular carcinoma is essential for accurate treatment and follows.

Key words: Thyroid, mixed medullary-follicular carcinoma.

International Journal of Medical Advances and Discovery ISSN: 5414-9203 Vol. 2 (1), pp.032-040, January, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Comparative biochemical and hematological analyses of malaria patients and normal human subjects of the Federal Medical Centre Owerri, Nigeria

*Obimba, Kelechukwu Clarence and ¹Eziuzor, Chukwunyelum Samuel

*Department of Biochemistry, School of Science, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Nigeria.

¹Department of Biological Science, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Rhema University Aba, Abia, State, Nigeria.

Email: [email protected]

Accepted 22 December, 2014

Abstract 

The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of the use of biochemical, and hematological indices as diagnostic parameters of malaria parasitemia. Twenty (20) normal human subjects and twenty (20) malaria patients were subjected to malaria parasite density, total serum protein (P), serum albumin (A), serum globulin (G), aspartate amino transferase (AST), conjugated bilirubin (CB), total bilirubin (TB), white blood cell total (WBC_Total), packed cell volume (PCV%), plasma triglyceride (TG), and plasma cholesterol (C) tests. Thirteen (13) malaria patients had the blood genotype AA and seven (7) malaria patients had the blood genotype AS. Fourteen (14) malaria patients suffered from plasmodium falciparum infection and six (6) malaria patients suffered from plasmodium vivax infection, of varying degrees of severity. Results recorded of the normal human subjects and malaria patients, expressed as mean ± standard error (S.E) (unit) were as follows : P  (3.52±0.153) and (3.31±0.11)  (g/dl), A (2.16±0.075) and (1.89±0.155) (g/dl), G (1.55±0.103) and (1.35±0.123) (g/dl), AST  (5.8±0.772) and (8.8±0.909) (U/l), CB (0.23±0.037) and (0.56±0.045) (mg/dl), TB (0.55±0.069) and (1.04±0.07) (mg/dl), WBC_Total (5120±292.8) and (4320±440.66) (mm), PCV (38.3±1.274) and (34.2±0.879) (%), TG (125.47±5.316) and (156±6.734) (mg/dl), and C (116.51±0.417) and (117.76±0.215) (mg/dl), respectively. The mean values of G, PCV%, and WBC_Total were significantly lower (p<0.05), but those of AST, TG, TB, and CB were significantly higher (p<0.05) in malaria patients compared with normal human subjects. The statistical regression and correlation between PCV% and AST (U/l) of malaria patients were significant (p<0.05). Incidence of malaria parasitemia correlated positively and significantly (p<0.05) with significant decrease (p<0.05) in G, PCV% and WBC_Total, and significant increase (p<0.05) in AST, TG, TB and CB. Significant differences/alterations in the values of G, PCV%, WBC_Total, TG, TB, CB, and AST (in comparism with normal human subjects), could be used as effective criteria/yardstick for the diagnosis of malaria parasitemia.

Key words: Malaria parasitemia, plasma, serum, plasmodium, bilirubin, cholesterol.

International Journal of Medical Advances and Discovery ISSN: 5414-9203 Vol. 1 (3), pp.029-031, December, 2014.  © International Scholars Journals

Review

Challenges in determining the order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule using the DNA technologies

D. A Satish¹, E. O Varun^2*, Kumar Vikas Singh¹, Gupta F. Yunus², Farhan A.³ and Gowda E.³

¹Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Anna University, Chennai, India.

²Department of Immunology and Defense Mechanism, School of science, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India.

³Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Jiwaji University, P.O Box 211, Gwalior, India.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 24 November, 2014

Abstract 

The advent of second and third generation DNA sequencing techniqnologies have revolutionized the genomics research. The Single Molecule Sequencing technologies are adequate to minimize occurrence of errors in sequencing. The third generation sequencing technologies could overcome limitations of first and second-generation sequencing technologies. The almost complete human genome sequencing was performed by using single molecular sequencing technologies. Benefits, risks and safeguards associated with the disclosure of information of very intimate kind contained in human genome, were also discussed. The power of whole sequencing for human welfare arises only from associations with medical histories, behavioral characteristics, physical descriptions and genome-environment interactions not from mere knowledge of base pairs.

Key words: DNA sequencing, molecules, behavior, characteristics, physical descriptions.

International Journal of Medical Advances and Discovery ISSN: 5414-9203 Vol. 1 (3), pp.025-028, December, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Approach and responsiveness of health care workers towards nosocomial infections in a teaching hospital in southwest Nigeria

Woju E. A¹, Olufujana West², Asheshe V. O², Abiodun K. E^1* and Ogbunegbe Frank²

¹Department of public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Igbinedion University,Okada, Edo, Nigeria.

²Department of Epidemiology, School Of Medicine, University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 19 November, 2014

Abstract 

This study assessed Approach and responsiveness of health care workers in LAUTECH teaching Hospital Osogbo towards Nosocomial infections. Regardless of progress in health care system, Nosocomial infections still remains an avertable disease intimidating public health. Descriptive cross sectional study among hospital workers using multistage sampling method was used. Research instruments were semi structured self administered and pre-tested questionnaires, and data analyzed using the SPSS software. Eighty three (91.2%), 77 (84.6%) and 59 (64.8%) of the health workers were aware of patients, hospital staff and hospital environment, respectively as causes of nosocomial infections. Thirty one (34.1%) were aware of presence of their hospital policy on control of nosocomial infections, while 36(39.6%) were aware of presence of infection control committee in the hospital. Twelve (13.2%) has ever notified nosocomial infection. Preventive practices towards nosocomial infections were favourable for hand washing, and unfavourable for self reporting to the staff clinic when sick. There is no significant association between ever reported or willingness to report nosocomial infections and awareness of hospital policy or presence of infection control committee in the hospital (P > 0.05). There is a need to raise awareness on nosocomial infections among health care workers as well as preventive measures against these infections.

Key words: Infection control committee, health care workers, Nosocomial infection, responsiveness.

International Journal of Medical Advances and Discovery ISSN: 5414-9203 Vol. 1 (2), pp.020-024, November, 2014.© International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A study on the viewpoint of medical students about treatment and rehabilitation of patients with mental illness

^*1Fajure Kolawole, Osondu V.E², M. I Darlington¹ and Demola Bayo¹

¹Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria.

²Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Benin, Edo, Nigeria.

E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 15 October, 2014

Abstract 

Advances in treatment and rehabilitation of persons with mental illness (PWMI) have generally improved their well-being. However, some people most especially the lay public and no-psychiatric health workers still hold a lot of reservation about the effectiveness of such management interventions. Thus, this study set out to explore medical students’ beliefs about treatment and rehabilitation of PWMI. A descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out among medical students of the College of Medicine of the University of Lagos (CMUL), Lagos, Nigeria. Subjects were selected through multistage and systematic random sampling techniques, with age and sex-matched controls selected among dental students. They were evaluated with a Questionnaire adapted from an instrument earlier used by Sechrest et al. (1973) on cross-cultural study of attitude to mental illness among university students. A total of 130 medical students (subjects) and 57 controls (dental students) were studied. The mean age of subjects was 23.2 ± 3.0 years. Varying beliefs about mental illness (MI) were expressed by both subjects and controls. The study has found varying beliefs of the subjects about treatment and rehabilitation of PWMI, most of which are favorable. However, there is still need to emphasize on anti-stigma education on the subjects over their perceived negative beliefs about psychiatry.

Key words: Beliefs, treatment and rehabilitation, mental illness, medical students.