African Journal of Crop Science

African Journal of Crop Science ISSN 2375-1231 Vol. 8 (5), pp. 001-009, May, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Combing the monogenic and polygenic resistant genes to late blight in tomato

Elsayed A. Y.¹*, da Silva Henriques D.², Mizubuti E. S. G.³ and Carneiro C. P.⁴

¹Horticulure Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.

²Department do Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brasil.

³Department do Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brasil.

⁴Department do Biologia Geral,Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brasil.

Accepted 13 March, 2020

Abstract

Late blight is a serious disease affecting tomato production especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Twenty-five crosses were generated from ten diverse parents to combine both the horizontal and vertical late blight resistance genes of late blight. Five inbred lines with polygenic resistance genes derived from interspecific cross Solanum lycopersicum × S. habrochaites f. glabratum were used as testers. The cultivars CN1 and CN2 CELBR as a source for vertical resistance genes Ph-2 and Ph-3. The genotypes were artificially inoculated with mixed isolates of Phytopthora infestans. Predominance of GCA effects suggested that additive effects were more important than non-additive effects. The testers lines were highly stable with respect to late blight resistance confirming the presence of polygenic resistance. The analysis of resistance in the inbred lines indicated that the resistance is controlled by recessive genes. The best combinations were NC2 CELBR × 64B and NC1 CELBR × 64B combined the both genetic makeup of resistant genes. The cross CELBR NC2 × 163A was the most suitable for intra-population breeding programs to late blight. The extensive background of resistance genes is promising to maintain its effect through the advanced backcross generations.

Key words: Solanum lycopersicum L., Phytophthora infestans, combining ability, interspecific cross.

African Journal of Crop Science ISSN 2375-1231 Vol. 8 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Growth and yield of cucumber (CUCUMIS SATIVUS L.) as influenced by farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizer

E. K. Eifediyi* and S. U. Remison

Department of Crop Science, Ambrose Alli University, P. M. B. 14, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria.

Accepted 16 March, 2020

Abstract

The growth and yield of Ashley variety of cucumber in response to the effect of farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizer NPK 20:10:10 was evaluated at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria Lat 6°45’N and long 6°08’E. The farmyard manure was applied at the rates of 0, 5 and 10 t/ha and the inorganic fertilizer at 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg/ha. The layout was a 3 × 5 factorial scheme with three replicates. The combined rates of farmyard manure at 10 t/ha × 400 kg/ha fertilizer increased the growth characters such as the vine length and the number of leaves. At 8 weeks after planting (WAP), the application of 10 t/ha of farmyard manure × 400 kg/ha of fertilizer gave the longest vine length of 276.93 cm and the highest number of leaves. The fruit length, fruit girth, fruit weight per plant and fruit weight per hectare were significantly influenced by the application of farmyard manure × fertilizer. The highest weight of 2.43 kg per plant and yield per hectare of 43,259 kg/ha were obtained with 10 t/ha farmyard manure and 400 kg/ha of fertilizer which were 166.42% higher than the control.

Key words: Cucumber, farmyard manure, inorganic fertilizer, growth and yield.

African Journal of Crop Science ISSN 2375-1231 Vol. 8 (4), pp. 001-008, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of head yield and participatory selection of horticultural characters in cabbage (Brassica oleraceae var. capitata)

O. T. Adeniji¹*, I. Swai¹, M. O. Oluoch¹, R. Tanyongana¹ and A. Aloyce²

¹AVRDC – The World Vegetable Center, Regional Center for Africa, PMB 25, Duluti, Arusha, Tanzania.

²Horticultural Research and Training Institute, Tengeru, Arusha, Tanzania.

Accepted 13 August, 2019

Abstract

Cabbage is an important leafy vegetable in sub-Saharan Africa, yet breeding and seed production activities take place in Europe and Asia. Participatory evaluation of varieties alongside head yield was carried out to select preferred varieties. Field experiments were conducted during the 2008 long rainy season and the 2008/09 short rainy season at AVRDC–The World Vegetable Center, Regional Center for Africa, Arusha, Tanzania. A randomized complete block design with three replications was adopted for the study. Results indicated that for each season marketable head yield differed significantly (P < 0.05) among the varieties. Performance for head yield varied in response to the biotic and abiotic environment. During the long rainy season Gloria F₁ and Victoria F₁ were best for head yield, while Quick Start and Rotan performed best for head yield during the short rainy season. For taste, head shape and firmness, Summer Summit F₁ was best. Tropical Delight was preferred for head size, firmness, and low incidence of loose heads. Gloria F₁ was identified as an early maturing variety with good head solidity. Good-tasting cabbage varieties are Summer Summit, Summer Glory and Bonus. Research on stability of performance for head yield over seasons, years and locations is important for future selection.

Key words: Cabbage, marketable head yield, farmer participatory research, sensory evaluation, Tanzania, vegetable production.

African Journal of Crop Science ISSN 2375-1231 Vol. 8 (4), pp. 001-009, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effects of Gibberellic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid spray on fruit yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

Dandena Gelmesa¹*, Bekele Abebie² and Lemma Desalegn³

¹Haramaya University P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.

²Adama University, P.O. Box., 1888, Adama Ethiopia.

³Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research-Melkassa Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 436 Nazreth Ethiopia.

Accepted 11 November, 2019

Abstract

Experiment was conducted at Melkassa Agricultural Research Center, centeral rift valley of Ethiopia from September 2008 to January 2009 with the objective to determine the effects of different concentrations and combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and gibberellic acid (GA3) spray on fruit yield and quality of tomato. The experiment consisted of two tomato varieties-one processing (Roma VF) and one fresh market (Fetan), three levels of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-(0, 5 and 10 mg l-1) and four levels of gibberellic acid (GA3) (0, 10, 15 and 20 mg l-1) arranged in 2 × 3 × 4 factorial combinations, in randomized completed block design with three replications. The result showed increase in fruit length from 5.44 to 6.72 cm at 10 mg l-1 2,4-D combined with 10 mg l-1 GA3 above the control, increased fruit weight by 13% due to 2,4-D and reduced fruit weight in single or combined application of GA3 with 2,4-D. Fruit pericarp thickness was increased by about 50% due to 2,4-D and GA3 application above the control. Titratable acidity, total soluble solids and lycopene content were also increased due to combined application of 2,4-D and GA3 spray. Lower fruit pH is another quality attributes of tomato affected by 2,4-D application while that of GA3 has no effect. Final fruit yield were significantly improved above the control even though both varieties responded differently. For Roma VF, GA3 at concentration of 10 and 15 mg l-1 resulted in maximum fruit yield of 69.50 and 67.92 ton ha-1, respectively in the absence of 2,4-D. For Fetan, maximum marketable fruit yield of 74.39 and 74.20 ton ha-1 was obtained from treatment combinations of 10 + 15 and 5 + 0 2,4-D and GA3, respectively. Hence, yield increment of about 35% for Roma VF and 18% for Fetan were produced at 10 mg l-1 GA3 and 10 + 15 mg l-1 2,4-D and GA3, respectively over the control. Significant increase in fruit size and weight due to 2,4-D and increased fruit number due to GA3 spray contributed to increased fruit yield. The results indicated that both PGRs are important in tomato production to boost yield and improve fruit quality under unfavorable climatic conditions of high temperature. Therefore, it is important to further investigate application methods and concentrations of the PGRs under concern in different growing conditions on different tomato cultivars.

Key words: Gibberellic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, fruit yield, quality.

African Journal of Crop Science ISSN 2375-1231 Vol. 8 (4), pp. 001-005, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Genetics of fruit yield and it’s contributing characters in tomato (Solanum lycopersicom)

S. K. Kaushik, D. S. Tomar* and A. K. Dixit

Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya (RVSKVV) M.L. Nagar, Ujjain (M.P.), India.

Accepted 07 September, 2019

Abstract

Tomato is a premier vegetable crop of round the year and one of the prominent eco-industrial crops of India generating sizeable employment. The present study which consisted 10 genotypes was evaluated in randomized block design replicated thrice at Regional Agricultural Research Station-Ujjain during Rabi 2007 to 2008. The variation was maximum (424 to 825 qtl/ha) for fruit yield and minimum for fruit width (4.1 to 5.6 cm). The magnitude of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher for number of leaves (21.2 and 22.3), fruit length (cm) (19.6 and 19.7) and fruit yield (19.6 and 19.6). High values of heritability coupled with high genetic advance were observed for number of leaves at 60 days after transplanting (99.4 and 64.9), and fruit yield (99.9 and 24.7). A positive association of yield per hectare observed with number of leaves at 60 days after transplanting (0.78) followed by number of leaves at 30 days after transplanting (0.68), fruit length (0.66) and plant height (0.51).

Key words: Mean, phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), heritability, genetic breeding, correlation, tomato.