African Journal of Crop Science

African Journal of Crop Science ISSN: 2375-1231 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Hybridization Potential and Backcrossing Outcomes Between Improved CMS Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis and B. oleracea var. acephala

Peng-fang Zhu¹*, Yu-tang Wei²

¹Forestry Faculty, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China, 110161, China.
²Horticulture Faculty, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China, 110161, China.

Accepted 14 November, 2024

Abstract

The interspecific cross between improved cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) Brassica campestris ssp.pekinensis (Lour.) Olsson and B. oleracea var. acephala DC. aims to obtain kale male sterile lines and enrich Chinese cabbage genetic resources. The results indicated that there were serious segregations between the 2 parents, so as to descendants could not be obtained by routine pollination methods. Otherwise, interspecific hybrids have been obtained by young embryos culture in vitro and the best time of embryo rescue was the 9 - 11 day after pollination. Interspecific embryo collapsed at sphere stage, with endosperm nuclei being surrounded by cell walls. The morphology, fertility, microspore growth, vernalization and numbers of chromosome were conducted to prove the truth of interspecific hybrids. Leaf morphology was intermediate of the 2 parents. Anther shape and plumpness, nectary volume and numbers were matroclinous. The male sterility showed 100% both in degree and ratio. Interspecific hybrids microspore aborted clearly from mononuclear to dinuclear stage. Vernalization was also intermediate of the 2 parents. Chromosome number of hybrids was confirmed to be 2n = 19, which was the total count of gametophyte chromosome of 2 parents. Also, we obtained BC1 which was from F 1×kale, by pollinated several times, while the average compatibility index was only 0.0014. There were sluggish chromosomes in BC1 PMCs anaphase.

Key words: CMS Chinese cabbage, kale embryo culture, chromosome, F1, BC1.

African Journal of Crop Science ISSN: 2375-1231 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Development of a Protocol for Genetic Transformation in Brassica juncea Utilizing Cicer arietinum Lectin

V.    V. Singh¹, Vandana Verma¹*, Aniruddh K. Pareek¹, Monika Mathur¹, Rajbir Yadav¹, Poonam Goyal¹, Ajay Kumar Thakur¹, Y. P. Singh¹, K. R. Koundal², K. C. Bansal², A. K. Mishra¹, Arvind Kumar¹ and Sandeep Kumar¹

¹Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan 321 303, India.
²NRCPB, IARI, New Delhi, India.

Accepted 15 October, 2024

Abstract

A simple and easy protocol for regeneration and genetic transformation of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss cv. Pusa bold has been developed. The optimum regeneration was found on combination of BAP (3.0 mg/l) and IAA (0.2 mg/l). The genetic transformation protocol has been standardized using Agrobacterium tumefaciens (gv3101). Cotyledonary petioles used as explant were pre-cultured for 48 h and than co-cultivated with Agrobacterium suspension for 2 days. Putative transformants were selected from selection medium containing 20 mg/l Kanamycine and 250 mg/l cefotaxime. Complete plant formed after placing shoots on rooting medium (0.5 mg/l IBA). Confirmation of integration of transgene was done by PCR using nptII gene primer.

Key words: Indian mustard, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, chickpea lectin gene, cotyledonary petioles, transformation.
 

African Journal of Crop Science ISSN: 2375-1231 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-013, January, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Exploring the Genetic Variation of Salt-Tolerant Rice Landraces in Vietnam

Nguyen thi Lang¹*, Pham thi Be Tu¹, Nguyen Chi Thanh¹, Bui Chi Buu² and Adbelbagi Ismail³

¹Cuu Long Delta Rice Research Institute, CoDo, Can Tho, Vietnam.
²Institute of Agricultural Science for Southern Vietnam (IAS).
³Internationl Rice research Institute, Philippine (IRRI).

Accepted 7 May, 2025

Abstract

A collection of 200 salt tolerance rice landraces was assessed for genetic diversity using quantitative agro- morphological characters. ANOVA showed highly significant differences (LSD 0.01) among the traits assessed such as grain length, grain width, number of unfilled grains, 1000-grain weight, leaf length and leaf width except panicles per plant and yield. Correlation coefficients showed that all the traits were highly correlated with each other except yield.. The diversity indices (H’) for quantitative descriptors were high ranging from 0.68 to 0.95. Overall the mean diversity index for all traits was 0.88). Cluster analysis generated by UPGMA grouped the 200 rice landraces into six clusters with similarity coefficient of 20.61. The six clusters were distinct in terms of culm length, number of filled grains, panicle length, panicles per plant, grain length, grain width, yield and biomass. 

Key words: Rice, genetic, landraces, diversities.

African Journal of Crop Science ISSN: 2375-1231 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Comparative Analysis of Soil Water-Soluble Organic Carbon Across Diverse Alpine Grassland Ecosystems in Northern Tibet, China

Xuyang Lu^1,2*, Jihui Fan^1, Yan Yan² and Xiaodan Wang^1,2

¹Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolvement and Regulation, IMHE, CAS, Chengdu 610041, China.

²Shenzha Alpine Steppe and Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Experiment Station, IMHE, CAS, Shenzha 853100, China.

Accepted 5 September, 2024

Abstract

Water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) is the most mobile and reactive soil carbon source available. It plays an important role in many biogeochemical processes. In this study, we assessed WSOC in the upper 0 to 15 cm soil layer, during the growing season of three representative alpine grassland types of Northern Tibet, with an average elevation of over 4500 m. We also evaluated the contributions of soil environmental factors on the three types of grassland. We found that the WSOC was typically higher at the first sampling in May and decreased with subsequent samples. Furthermore, over the short growing season, the alpine meadow steppe ecosystem had significantly higher WSOC content than the alpine meadow and alpine steppe ecosystems. Soil WSOC of alpine grasslands also negatively correlated with both soil temperature and moisture. These results indicated that soil WSOC is considerably different among the different types of grassland in the same alpine area, and we conclude that soil environmental conditions including soil temperature and moisture are important influencing factors that control soil WSOC content.

Key words: Water soluble organic carbon, soil temperature, soil moisture, alpine grassland, Northern Tibet.
 

African Journal of Crop Science ISSN: 2375-1231 Vol. 12 (9), pp. 001-009, September, 2024. Available online at https://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajcr/table-of-contents © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Genetic variation and multivariate analysis of late maturing maize inbred lines using phenotypic and disease related traits

F. Foncha^1,2*, P. T. Touna⁴, E.B. Kouam¹, A. Mewounko³, A.S. Owona⁴, P. S. Alioum⁵ W. Ajambang², E. Tembo⁶, E. Gasura⁷, C. Suh⁸, H.N.A. Mafouasson⁹

¹Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA), University of Dschang, P.O Box 222, Dschang, Cameroon. ²Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Bambui, P.O Box 51 Bamenda, Cameroon. 
³Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Bertoua, P.O Box 203 Bertoua, Cameroon. 
⁴Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Mbalmayo, P.O Box 2067 Yaoundé, Cameroon. 
⁵Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Garoua, P.O Box 415 Garoua, Cameroon. 
⁶Seed Co Limited, P.O Box CH142, Chisipite, Harare, Zimbabwe.  ⁷Department of Crop Production and Technologies, University of Zimbabwe, Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe. ⁸International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), P.O Box 4163, Goma, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. ⁹Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), P.O Box 2123 Yaoundé, Cameroon. *Corresponding Author. Email: [email protected]

Received December 6, 2023; Accepted August 21, 2024 and Published September 08, 2024

Abstract

The determination of diversity among maize inbred lines is important for heterosis breeding. To estimate the genetic diversity amongst the 33 maize inbred lines used, cluster and principal component analyses were carried out for sixteen different morphological and Aspergillus ear rot disease related traits. The field experiments were carried out under field artificial infection with Aspergillus flavus inoculum following standard procedures. The trials were carried out during the 2020-2021 cropping season at two locations in Cameroon, namely, Bangangte from the Western highlands and Mbalmayo from the Bimodal humid forest zone. In each trial site, the experiment was laid out in an 11 x 3 alpha lattice design with two replications under similar conditions. The PCA identified six principal components (PCs) with Eigen value greater than 1.00 and accounted for 72% of total variation. Cluster analysis based on Ward’s minimum variance procedure distributed the maize inbred lines into 7 clusters indicating their broad genetic base of which cluster VII was the largest containing eleven inbred lines and maximum inter-cluster distance was recorded between clusters IV and VI (196.66) suggesting their use in breeding programmes for the exploitation of heterosis for the desirable ear rot and yield traits. Out of all the clusters, cluster I showed highest mean value for grain yield, indicating the importance of this cluster genotypes (87036, 88094, 90156, 90188 and 90301) in maize yield improvement programmes. Similarly, cluster IV showed the lowest mean values for Aspergillus ear rot disease incidence (21.28%) and Aspergillus ear rot disease severity (6.9%) revealing the importance of this cluster genotype (89291) in maize ear rot disease resistance improvement programmes. The distribution of genotypes in the study revealed that the geographical origin did not have any bearing on clustering pattern. These results showed that the inbred lines having widely divergent clusters can be utilized in hybrid breeding programmes.

Keywords: Genetic divergence, Hierarchical cluster analysis, Maize, Principal Component Analysis.

‎African Journal of Crop Science ISSN: 2375-1231 Vol. 12 (9), pp. 001-007, September, 2024. Available online at https://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajcr/table-of-contents © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Barriers and Facilitators to Crop-Based Technology Adoption in Jenkwe Development Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Bello, M.¹, Daudu. S², Galadima, O. E.¹, Anzaku, T. K. A.³ and A. A. Abubakar⁴

¹Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Nasarawa State University, Lafia Campus.
²Department of Agricultural Extension and Communication, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State.
³College of Agriculture,P. M. B. 33, LAFIA.
⁴Abubakar TafawaBalewa University, Bauchi,  Bauchi State.

Accepted 04 July, 2024

Abstract

The study focused on the factors influencing adoption of crop-based technologies among farmers in Jenkwe Development Area (JDA) of Nasarawa State of Nigeria. The research respondents consisted of 96 farmers from five districts of the development area selected through multi-stage sampling techniques. Primary data were obtained by means of a structured interview schedule administered on the respondents. The result was analysed using descriptive statistical tool in the form of frequency and percentage. Regression analysis using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to determine relationship some variables. The results showed a significant negative relationship between adoption and number of farm plots (r = -229) and farm size (r = -198), positively significant correlation with years of farming experience (r = .190) and farm income (r = .172) at 5%. Also low level of education and advanced age of the respondents contributed to low level of technology adoption. Fertilizer application (87.50), spacing technique (82.29%); intercropping practice (71.88%); and storage measures (70.83%) were accorded varying levels of high adoption by respondents. This study recommends that technologies dissemination to farmers should be based on potential economic benefits, while requisite inputs should be made available and accessible to farmers on time and at affordable price.

Keywords: Crop-based Technologies, Jenkwe Development Area, Mode of Adoption, Inter-cropping, Fertilizer, Application and Spacing, Nasarawa Agricultural Development Programme.