African Journal of Gender and Women Studies

African Journal of Gender and Women Studies ISSN: 2736-1578, Vol. 10 (2), pp. 001-013, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Perception of Gender Norms and Practices on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Care Continuum among Selected Households in Cross River State

Peters Adekoya¹, Faith Dahbyen Lannap¹, Anne Fatima Ajonye¹, Stanley Amadiegwu², Charity Elochukwu¹, Ifeyinwa Okereke¹, Christopher Ayaba Aruku¹, Grace Kumolu¹, Ayodotun Olutola¹, Doreen Magaji^3
 
1Centre for Clinical Care and Clinical Research, Abuja, Nigeria.
²Catholic Relief Services, Abuja, Nigeria.
³United States Agency for International Development, Nigeria.

Abstract

Received 03 January, 2025; Revised 07 February, 2025; Accepted 10 February, 2025; Published 04 March, 2025
       
Background: Pervasive gender-related inequality has translated into a range of negative health outcomes for all people especially for women and girls. The study assessed the influence of gender norms and roles on HIV care continuum among selected households in Cross River State, Nigeria. Method: A cross-sectional survey was employed for the study. Multi-stage cluster and purposive sampling strategy was adopted to select 720 households from 4 LGAs in Cross River State. Primary data was collected on questionnaire coded in kobo collect software tool. Responses were analysed using STATA 14 data analytical application. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted. Result: 72% of the respondents did not perceive restrictive gender norms as barrier for HIV prevention and continuum of care. 64% of men restrict mobility of children living with HIV to access care except with permission. 48% of rural residents were likely to experience negative gender norms and faces barriers for HIV prevention or access care compared to urban residents (OR = 47.65 (95% CI: 25.8-87.7). Conclusion: Access to HIV prevention and continuum of care services can be improved by increasing women’s decision-making power within the households, influencing communities to practice positive gender norms that encourages women to also control resources. 

Keywords: Gender Norms, HIV Care Continuum, Household, Power Imbalance, Anti-Retroviral Therapy, Caregiver.
 

African Journal of Gender and Women Studies ISSN: 2736-1578, Vol. 10 (3), pp. 001-010, March, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Exploring the Impact of Age and Gender on Entrepreneurial Behavior Traits Among Business Administration Students and Professionals

LIMA FILHO Raimundo Nonato¹*, BRUNI Adriano Leal² and AMORIM Ricardo José Rocha¹

¹Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Brazil.
²Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil.

Received 15 July, 2024; Accepted 20 October, 2024

Abstract

The main objective of this study is to identify the elements that show the influence of age and gender on entrepreneurial behavior characteristics observed in both enterprising professionals and students of Business Administration. It was based on a survey with 851 professionals registered by the Regional Board of Directors of Business Administration of Bahia and with 207 students from public and private universities in Salvador, Bahia. Our hypothesis was that the age and gender of the respondents influence their entrepreneurial profile. The results associated with a structural modeling equation indicated that gender did not show a significant relationship with entrepreneurship since the age variable explains the variability of this construct. This study, therefore, may contribute to students’ education and the updating of professional entrepreneurs since these findings indicate specific patterns of limitations and biases concerning entrepreneurship.

Key words: Age, gender, entrepreneurs, behavioral characteristics, Structural Equation Modeling.

African Journal of Gender and Women Studies ISSN: 2736-1578, Vol. 10 (2), pp. 001-015, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Achieving Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment in Ethiopia: Policy Considerations for Least Developed Countries

G. S. Ogato

Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, Institute of Cooperatives and Development Studies, Ambo University, Ethiopia.

Accepted 28 August, 2024

Abstract

This paper critically reviewed the gender equality and women’s empowerment endeavors in least developed countries (LDCs) and proposed policy and strategy measures for achieving millennium development goals (MDGs) in Ethiopia. Ethiopian women are economically, socially, culturally and politically disadvantaged in the enjoyment of equal rights, in accessing opportunities, decision-making processes, and basic resources. In other words, although a number of policies are emerging that support and encourage women’s participation in development, women’s access to and control of productive resources, information, training and education, employment and in decision-making are limited. The general objective of this paper is to assess the quest for gender equality and women’s empowerment in least developed countries to achieve MDGs and identify policy and strategy implications for Ethiopia. This paper adapts a human ecological approach and a comprehensive review and analysis of the existing literature was made in order to obtain both theoretical insights and secondary data on the review themes. The collected secondary data and information were qualitatively analyzed through narration and description and presented under relevant themes. The findings of the study reveal that promising efforts are being made by the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia to address gender equality and women’s empowerment issues in the process of achieving millennium development goals. Nevertheless, a lot has to be done for more effective gender equality and women’s empowerment thereby the millennium development goals (MDGs) and sustainable development objectives will be achieved in Ethiopia. Adaptation of the good practices of gender equality and women’s empowerment from different successful countries, proper implementation of the ratified international conventions on gender equality and women’s empowerment, and development and implementation of appropriate national gender policy will improve the condition of Ethiopian women in the years to come.

Key words: Development, empowerment, equality, ethiopia, gender, women.

African Journal of Gender and Women Studies ISSN: 2736-1578, Vol. 10 (2), pp. 001-008, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Examining Gender Differences in Self-Efficacy Beliefs in School Children: Perspectives of Students and Educators

Jane Webb-Williams

School of Education, University of South Australia.

Received 21 April, 2024; Accepted 4 August, 2024; Published 10 October, 2024

Abstract

This small scale study examined gender differences in self-efficacy. 24 girls and 28 boys aged between 10 and 12 years completed self-efficacy questionnaires and attainment tests. The study was conducted in two primary school classrooms in England and the results indicated that gender differences in self-efficacy were significant with boys holding a lower sense of self-efficacy than girls coupled with lower performance. Boys’ self-efficacy scores were significantly correlated with performance but this relationship was lower than that of the girls. Interviews with the two teachers involved in this study showed a lack of understanding and awareness of the self-efficacy beliefs of their students and the impact it potentially had on their students’ performance. Implications for teachers are discussed.

Key words: Primary classroom, self-efficacy, gender, correlation, attainment.

African Journal of Gender and Women Studies ISSN: 2736-1578, Vol. 10 (1), pp. 001-009, January, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Addressing Gender Needs in Infrastructure Development: A Study of Kampala’s Urban Landscape 

Buyana Kareem¹* and Shuaib Lwasa²

¹Department of Socio-economic Sciences, Cavendish University, Uganda.
²Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Climatic Sciences, Makerere University, Uganda.

Accepted 30 December, 2024

Abstract

Urban service delivery in cities of Africa is undergoing transformation in the quest to improve access and coverage while reducing the urban infrastructure deficit. This is mainly signaled by the gradual shift to integrated urban planning functions and decision-making spheres within the institutional set-up of city authorities. This paper builds on a triangulated study in Kampala city to argue that urban planning functions should not only be integrated but also responsive to gender needs, as an inclusive pathway to sustained provision of infrastructure. The study found out that the utilization of infrastructure and the associated aspects of service delivery are socially preconditioned by socio-economic preferences that are based on gender differentials in mobility needs. Women preferred infrastructure that offers personal security, flexible mobility, hygiene and physical comfort, whereas men were primarily concerned about alternative travel routes for punctuality, safety while on the road, convenience and quicker connectivity to public utilities. But planning at city level has neither integrated nor transcended the physical, economic and environmental accounts of infrastructure and service provision to include gender responsiveness. This ultimately leads to delivery outcomes that are less aligned to variations in women’s compared to men’s end-user expectations. The paper concludes with a step-wise framework for conceptualizing how urban planning can be gender responsive together with examples on real-life applications in the context of African cities.

Key words: Infrastructure, services, gender, urban planning, African cities.
 

African Journal of Gender and Women Studies ISSN: 2736-1578, Vol. 9 (3), pp. 001-009, March, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Gender disparity analysis in academic achievement at higher education preparatory schools: Case of South Wollo, Ethiopia

Amogne Asfaw Eshetu

Department of Geography and Environmental studies, Wollo University, Ethiopia. E-mail: [email protected].

Received 24 October, 2023; Accepted 17 December, 2023

Abstract

Gender is among the determinant factors affecting students’ academic achievement. This paper tried to investigate the impact of gender on academic performance of preparatory secondary school students based on 2014 EHEECE result. Ex post facto research design was used. To that end, data were collected from 3243 students from eight purposively selected schools. The analysis has been undertaken quantitatively using independent samples t-test, one sample t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, Chi-square test, ANOVA and linear multiple regression. The findings revealed that there is statistically significant difference between male and female students favoring the former. Sample mean is statistically higher than regional and zonal mean scores. A statistically significant difference among sampled schools has been observed. Younger students have scored significantly higher result than the older ones. The proportion of male students in the upper achieving groups was significantly higher than females and the opposite was true for low achieving groups. More effort is needed by concerned bodies so as to narrow the gender disparity. Furthermore, additional studies should be conducted to investigate the performance differences among schools.

Keywords: Gender, academic achievement, preparatory secondary schools, t-test.