African Journal of Agronomy

African Journal of Agronomy ISSN 2375-1177 Vol. 8 (11), pp. 001-010, November, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The effects of air velocity on the performance of pad evaporative cooling systems

Metin Dağtekin¹, Cengiz Karaca²*, Y ilmaz Yildiz³, Ali Basçetinçelik³ and Ömer Paydak⁴

¹Çukurova University, Ceyhan Vocation High School, Ceyhan, Adana, Turkey.

²Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Hatay, Turkey.

³Çukurova University, Faculty of Agric., Department of Agriculture Machinery, Adana, Turkey.

⁴Gaziantep Univ. Faculty of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Gaziantep, Turkey.

Accepted 12 November, 2020

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship that is found among the velocity of the air passing through the pad, the obtained decrease at the temperature of the air passing the pad and the cooling efficiency at the cellulose based evaporative cooling pad, and be of help to the people who designed and operate these systems. In this study, cellulose based evaporative cooling pad (CELdek ^R 7060-15, Munters AB, Kista, Sweden) was used and the tests conducted were completed at 2 periods. Air velocities were determined as 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ms^-1 at the first period, and 0.75, 1.25 and 1.75 ms^-1 at the second period. The water flow rate at the air velocities, chosen for both periods, was selected as 4 Lmin^-1m^-2. As a result of the research, it was determined that it was not possible to make a mathematical connection among velocities of the air passing through the pad, obtained decrease at the temperature of the air passing the pad and the cooling efficiency. However, it can be said that the most appropriate air velocity for the pad used in the test should be higher than 0.5 ms^-1 and lower than 1.5 ms^-1.

Key words: Pad evaporative cooling, air velocity.

African Journal of Agronomy ISSN 2375-1177 Vol. 8 (11), pp. 001-008, November, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The importance of forests in a sustainable supply of drinking water: Istanbul example

Sultan Bekiroğlu¹* and Omer Eker²

¹Faculty of Forestry, Istanbul University, 34473 Bahcekoy, Istanbul, Turkey.

²Faculty of Forestry, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.

Accepted 10 September, 2020

Abstract

Istanbul has administrative, social and economic, drinking water problems. The forest areas of Istanbul are more important to drinking water than any other of the forest’s activities, because most of the drinking water dams are located in forest areas. This study is aimed at determining the differences between past and present forestry applications concerning drinking water production in Istanbul for a 600 year period. The level of future drinking water problems in Istanbul was also estimated. Using descriptive analysis method similarities and differences between past and present forestry applications in producing drinking water were identified. Furthermore, the trend of Istanbul’s water demand and supply for the 2010 and 2030 term was also predicted with a scenario. This study indicates that Istanbul city has historically experienced drinking water and forest resources shortages. In the past administrators were very keen to conserve forest areas and drinking water resources for the city. Various regulations to protect and improve the utilization of water resources have been created throughout the history of Istanbul. These measures today are not as effective as they once were which causes exploitation and destruction of water resources.

Key words: Forestry, drinking water, traditional use, Istanbul, Turkey.

African Journal of Agronomy ISSN 2375-1177 Vol. 8 (10), pp. 001-007, October, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Phenotypic and molecular analysis of M7 generation of soybean mutant lines through random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker and some morphological traits

Mehdi- Younessi Hamzekhanlu¹, Ali Izadi-Darbandi¹*, Nejat Pirvali-Beiranvand², Mohammad Taher-Hallajian² and Abbas Majdabadi²

¹Deparment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, P. O. Box. 3391653775, Tehran- Iran.

²Agricultural, Medical and Industrial Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Atomic Energy Organization of Iran.

Accepted 28 February, 2020

Abstract

When genetic variability is diminished using traditional breeding methods, induced mutation is a good way to increase genetic diversity in soybean. Hence, genetic diversity amongst 33 M7 generation soybean mutant lines with high N2 fixation character and one non-irradiated cultivar (L17) was studied by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and some morphological traits. RAPDs established 104 major amplified products using 10 polymorphic primers. Out of 104 markers, 34 were monomorph and the remaining (70) were polymorph. Cluster analysis of studied lines in terms of RAPD markers, separated mutant lines group from parent cultivar. Both morphological and RAPD markers successfully detected genetic variation within induced mutant lines and the variation between irradiated and non irradiated lines which were morphologically indistinguishable also detected by RAPD. Therefore RAPD markers with average PIC = 0.80, can be more useful for detecting induced diversity among mutant lines. It can be inferred from the results that irradiation did induce significant genetic variability with regard to majority of studied traits such as number of nodule per plant and harvest index. Sequencing and cloning of band pattern (3 kb) obtained from parent cultivar with OPA09 primer and introducing it as a SCAR marker can be used in marker assisted selection.

Key words: diversity, morphological traits, mutation, random amplified polymorphic DNA, soybean.

African Journal of Agronomy ISSN 2375-1177 Vol. 8 (10), pp. 001-008, October, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A comparison of aroma components of pineapple fruits ripened in different seasons

Chuanhe Liu¹*, Yan Liu¹, Ganjun Yi¹, Wenlong Li² and Guiping Zhang²

¹Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 510640, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.

²Agricultural Section of Shenwan Town in Zhongshan City, 528462, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.

Accepted 21 October, 2020

Abstract 

Shenwan cultivar of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) is an important tropical fruit of Guangdong China which is excellent in quality with strong fragrance. The aim of this study was to compare the aroma components among pineapple fruits ripened in different seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter) by GC-MS. The results showed that there was diversity among the aroma components of pineapple fruits ripened in the four corresponding seasons. Ten kinds of aroma components were detected in spring fruits, including four unique components. The predominant were hexanoic acid methyl ester, 1,3,7-octatriene-3,7-dimethyl and octanoic acid methyl ester with relative content of 38.94, 26.32 and 10.34%, respectively. Nineteen kinds of aroma components were detected in summer fruits, including ten unique components. The predominant were butanoic acid 2-methyl-methylester, hexanoic acid methyl ester, and 2-hydroxy-N-(2-morpholinoethyl)-4-phenylbutanamide with relative content of 24.95, 24.69 and 9.60%. Eleven kinds of aroma components were detected in autumn fruits, including three unique components. The predominant were hexanoic acid methyl ester, butanoic acid 2-methyl- methyl ester and butyric acid methyl ester with relative content of 57.67, 18.52 and 8.76%. Twelve kinds of aroma components were detected in winter fruits, including four unique components. The predominant were hexanoic acid methyl ester, octanoic acid methyl ester and cis-ocimene with relative content of 63.08, 15.82 and 7.78%. The relative contents of methyl 3-(methylthio)-propanpate in the four corresponding fruits were 0.89, 4.09, 0.45 and 0.99%, respectively.                 

Key words: Pineapple, aroma components, fruits ripened in different seasons.

African Journal of Agronomy ISSN 2375-1177 Vol. 8 (10), pp. 001-008, October, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Performance of semi-determinate and indeterminate cowpeas relay-cropped into maize in Northeast Nigeria

A. Y. Kamara¹, L. O. Omoigui², S. U. Ewansiha¹, F. Ekeleme³, D. Chikoye¹ and H. Ajeigbe¹

¹International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P. M. B. 3112, Sabo Bakin Zuwo Road, Kano, Nigeria.

²Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Science, College of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria.

³College of Plant Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.

Accepted 09 December, 2017

Abstract

Field trials were conducted in 2005 and 2006 in Tilla (northern Guinea savanna) and Sabon-Gari (Sudan savanna) in northeast Nigeria to determine the performance of two improved cowpea varieties when relay-intercropped with early and late maize, 6 and 8 weeks after planting the maize. Grain yield, number of branches and number of pods per plant were higher for the variety IT89KD-288 than for IT97K-499-35, whether planted sole or relay-intercropped with maize. Grain yield was lower for IT97K-499-35 than for IT89KD-288 when relay-intercropped with maize irrespective of the maturity period of the companion maize crop. This may be due to the indeterminate growth habit and shade tolerance of IT89KD-288 which allowed a higher pod load than IT97K-499-35. However, relay-intercropping with early maize gave higher yield than relay-intercropping into late maize. Also relay-intercropping at 6 weeks after planting maize (WAP) gave a higher yield than relay-intercropping at 8 WAP. This therefore, suggests that introducing cowpea into short statured early maize may mean less competition for light and soil resources compared to taller late maize. Also introducing the cowpea earlier may allow the crop to make full use of soil moisture during the cropping season.

Key words: Cowpea, maize, grain, relay-intercropping, savanna, northeast Nigeria.