African Journal of Immunology Research

African Journal of Immunology Research ISSN 9431-5833 Vol. 3 (5), pp. 177-182, May, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Review

A new approach of abnormal apoptosis as a cause of autoimmunity and malignancy

Aurelian Udristioiu¹*, Radu G. Iliescu², Lucian Udristioiu¹ and Manole Cojocaru³

¹Emergency County Hospital Targu Jiu, Clinical Laboratory, Gorj, Romania.

²Polytechnic Institute of New York University, Brooklyn, New York, 11201, USA.

³ Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, Bucharest, Romania.

*Corresponding  author.   E-mail:  [email protected]. Tel: +40 (723) 621 414. Fax: +40 (253) 210 218.

Accepted 05 July, 2015

Abstract

Auto-reactive cells which escape from natural apoptosis represent a continuous threat of potential autoimmune response. Abnormal apoptosis can play a role in negative selection of B and T lymphocytes that escaped the self-reactive nature, and so, apoptosis could represent an additional source of auto-antibody. Increased activity of T cells (CD3+, CD4+, or Th1 helper)) will, at a high serum level, cause a high expression of various types of inflammatory interleukins: IL1-β, IL2. The most important regulatory mechanisms of apoptosis in T and B cells are: death receptor cells, CD 95(Fas), TNF-tumor necrosis, caspases, family Bcl-2 proto-oncogenes, Bax gene, p53 tumor suppressor gene, and NF-κB nuclear factor of transcription. The “decision” to undergo programmed cell death is made only in the presence of extrinsic or intrinsic apoptotic messengers. Extrinsic inductors are ligands – cytokines – that bind to death receptors (DRs) found on the cells’ surface, while intrinsic inductors come from the mitochondria or from the nucleus cells.

Key words: Tumor suppressor gene P53, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, tumor necrosis factor, zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70.

Key words: Measles, cellular immunity, tuberculosis, Iraq.

African Journal of Immunology Research ISSN 9431-5833 Vol. 3 (4), pp. 162-167, April, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Radix linderae essential oil improving the immunity activities and preventing the occurrence of decubitus in aged people

Liang Zhen Hong

School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou City, Zhejiang 317000, People Republic of China.

E-mail: [email protected] Tel/Fax: 86-0576-88665198.

Accepted 03 February, 2016

Abstract

To investigate the immune enhancement extract of radix linderae essential oil in aged people. One hundred and fifteen aged people over 70 years old were divided into two groups: vehicle-treated group (n=58) and radix linderae essential oil treatment group (n=57). Old peoples’ hips and elbows in radix linderae essential oil treatment group were sprayed with radix linderae essential oil (dissolved in olive oil) for 6 months. Old peoples’ hips and elbows in vehicle-treated group were sprayed with olive oil for 6 months. After 6 months treatment, people in essential oil-treated group have higher immunity function and lower incidence rate of decubitus than those in vehicle-treatment group. Radix linderae essential oil is useful to prevent occurrence of decubitus in aged people.

Key words: Radix linderae essential oil, decubitus, immunity.

African Journal of Immunology Research ISSN 9431-5833 Vol. 3 (3), pp. 143-147, March, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of dietary sodium bentonite, esterified glaucomannan and humic acid on antibody production against Newcastle disease in broiler feeds

Ghahri Hasan¹*, Tohid Toloei¹ and Mostafa Habibi³

¹Department of Poultry Science, Urmia Islamic Azad University, Urmia-Iran.

²Faculty of Veterinary Science, Urmia Islamic Azad University, Urmia-Iran.

³Member of Young Researcher Clup of Urmia Islamic Azad University, Urmia-Iran.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +98 9141871588. Fax: +98441 3460980.

Accepted 07 January, 2016

Abstract

A study was conducted on the impact of aflatoxin (AF) and sodium bentonite, esterified glucomannan and humic acid, on immunization against Newcastle disease (ND) in broiler feed with naturally contaminated diet with aflatoxin. Seven-day-old chicks were randomly assigned to nine dietary treatments in four replicates of 12 chicks. Treatments were 1) Control; 2) naturally contaminated diet with aflatoxin; 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7) naturally contaminated diet with aflatoxin supplemented with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0% humic acid, respectively; 8 and 9) naturally contaminated diet supplemented with 0.5% sodium bentonite and 0.1% esterified glucomannan, respectively. The measured aflatoxin in contaminated diet, confirmed by thin layer chromatography (TLC), was 254 ppb. Blood sample was taken from each bird and the titers of antibody against ND were measured by haemagglutination-inhibition test. Compared to the control diet, the antibody titers against ND was significantly (P < 0.01) lower in 254 ppb aflatoxin fed chicks from 28 to 35 days of age. The addition of esterified glucomannan, sodium bentonite and humic acid to the AF-containing diet ameliorated the adverse effects of aflatoxin on ND antibody titers, but humic acid proved to be more effective in the amelioration of the adverse effect of AF on humeral immunity against ND.

Key words: Esterified glucomannan, sodium bentonite, humic acid, aflatoxicosis, Newcastle disease.

African Journal of Immunology Research ISSN 9431-5833 Vol. 3 (2), pp. 139-142, February, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Analysis on clinical features and immunity in chronic hepatitis B virus infected patients with low-level HBsAg

Jun Cheng¹*, Changgui Sun¹, Yu Chen², Zhiliang Xu³, Guozheng Wang¹, Guanzhong Sun¹ and Xiaojun Li⁴

¹Clinical Experimental Center, the 117th Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou 310013, P. R. China.

²First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P. R. China.

³First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China.

⁴General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Nanjing 210002, P. R. China.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +86571 87348812. Fax: +86 571 87348812.

Accepted 22 January, 2016

Abstract

To understand clinical features and immunity of chronic HBV-infected patients with high or low level HBsAg, the differences of serum two- component-determined circulating immune complexes (TCIC) and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets between these patients were analyzed. 126 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection were divided into two groups including 44 with low-level HBsAg and 82 with high-level HBsAg, and three phases including non-active phase, immune active phase and immune tolerant phase by level of HBsAg and natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Antibody capture-ELISA method and flow cytometry were used to assay serum TCIC and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in 44 patients with low-level HBsAg (Group A), 82 patients with high-level HBsAg (Group B) and 22 healthy volunteers (Group C), respectively, and the results were analyzed and compared. Among these 44 patients in Group A, 40 patients (90.9%) were stable in non- active phase and the positive rate of HBsAg/IgG-CIC was the highest, accounting for 15.9% (7/44), while the positive rate of HBsAg/C3-CIC was the highest in Group B, accounting for 46.3% (38/82). The positive rates of serum TCIC, A value and non-active CD3⁺CD8⁺ percentages in Group A were all lower than those in Group B with corresponding phases (P<0.01-0.05), however, the percentages of CD4⁺/CD8⁺ were higher than those in the corresponding phases of Group B(P<0.01) . Patients with low-level HBsAg were correlated to low capability of TCIC synthesis and elimination and there was a low dose-induced immunotolerance phenomenon.

Key words: Immune complex, chronic HBV infection, HBsAg, lymphocyte subsets, immunotolerance.

African Journal of Immunology Research ISSN 9431-5833 Vol. 3 (1), pp. 128-134, January, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of post-vaccination immunity to canine distemper and parvoviruses in Benin City, Nigeria

Eghafona, N. O., Jacob, J. and Yah, S. C.

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]. Phone: +2348037240874 or +2348053910615

Accepted 18 January, 2016

Abstract

A study was conducted to determine the immune status of dogs vaccinated against Canine Parvovirus (CPV) and Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) by a clinic-based immunoblot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a commercially available 120 sample immunocomb® test kit for canine parvo and distemper IgG in Benin City, Nigeria. Out of 120 dogs sampled, 63 (52.5%) were females while 57 (47.5%) were males. 84 (70%) dogs were exotic breeds while 36 (30%) were mongrels. Majority of the dogs (35, 29.17%) were less than one year old and the age range of all dogs sampled was between 9 weeks and 10 years. Analysis of data showed that there was no significant difference (P < 0.05) between sex, breed, age and level of immunity. A non- parametric chi- square contingency analysis of antigens (CPV and CDV) and level of immunity revealed that there was a high significant association (p < 0.001) between CPV and CDV antigens and level of immunity of the vaccinated dogs sampled.

Key words: Immunoblot ELISA, post-vaccination immunity, canine distemper, parvoviruses.