African Journal of Immunology Research

African Journal of Immunology Research Vol.  1 (1) pp. 012-018, October, 2014.  © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Impact of rice wheat separate on immunological and physiological parameters of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails contaminated with Schistosoma mansoni

Hosni M. Naguib

Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Sinai University, Cairo, Egypt.

Email: [email protected] 

Accepted 28 September, 2014

Abstract 

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of rice bran extract on immunological and physiological parameters of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails and Schistosoma mansoni infection. Rice bran methanolic extract showed the strongest antioxidant activity. IC₅₀ values for scavenging DPPH was 344.22 µg/ml and reducing power was increased with increasing amounts of the extract. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 4.23 mg gallic acid-equivalent (GAE)/g bran and 2.11 mg quercetin-equivalent (QE)/g bran, respectively. The presence of rice bran during infection causes reduction in  infection  rate  by  33.3%.  The  exposure  of  snails  to infection for 24  h  followed by treatment with 500 ppm  of rice bran  for 24 h caused a reduction in  infection rate  by 56.5%  as compared to t h e  control (80%). The reduction in infection rate of (Schistosoma haematobium) may be due to the increase in immune activity response, activation and vacuolation of haemocytes distributed in hemolymph of snails which represent the important system in immunity defense against any invaders. These results could provide useful information for control of Schistosomiasis in integrated pest management program and environmental protection.

Key words: Schistosomiasis, antioxidant, rice bran, control, immunological and physiological parameters, snail.

African Journal of Immunology Research Vol.  1 (1) pp. 006-011, October, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

 Maternal nicotine presentation changed representation of laminin α 5 in lung tissue of infant mice

*Mohammed E. Ahmed, Ali Hatami and Golshifteh Khamenei

Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Payame Noor University, Iran.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 14 September, 2014

Abstract

Maternal smoking has been clearly demonstrated to be associated with increased health problems in infants and children. Nicotine is a chemical substance with high level of toxicity. It crosses through the placenta and accumulates in the developing organs of fetus. Previous investigation indicated that maternal nicotine exposures induce decreased fibronectin expression in lung parenchyma. In this study, the effect of maternal nicotine exposure on laminin expression of the newborn mice lungs has been evaluated. 24 female pregnant Balb/C mice were divided randomly into four groups as follows: Experimental Group 1 (Exp D1); received 3 mg/kg nicotine intra peritoneal injection (IP) from gestational day 7 (GD7) to the last day of pregnancy, Experimental Group 2 (Exp D14); received 3 mg/kg nicotine from GD₇ to post natal day 14, Groups 3 and 4; as sham control groups (Sha-Con) received the same volume (3 mg/kg) of normal saline parallel to experimental groups. At the end of exposure times, all the newborns were anesthetized, their lungs were removed and prepared for immunohistochemical method and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our finding indicated that laminin alpha 5(Lama5) mRNA expression in the lung of newborn in the nicotine treated Exp D1 decreased by 0.63 fold but increased in Exp D14 by 1.57 fold comparing to Sh-Con groups. Lama5 immunoreactivity was not similar in different parts of the lungs including alveoli and bronchiole, having a significant increase in the experimental groups in contrast to the Sh-Con groups. These data also indicate that maternal nicotine exposure may induce abnormal laminin expression which may cause defects in lung function during life time.

Key words: Laminin, lung, nicotine, mouse.

African Journal of Immunology Research Vol.  1 (1) pp. 001-005, October, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Escherichia coli O157:H7 EDL933 virulence to Bama miniature pigs by injection and neglect to colonize to their gastrointestinal tracts

*Deng Jintao, Donnie Lem and Lu han Yang

Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 01 September, 2014

Abstract

Detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 from commercially grown pigs has been reported. Furthermore, the E. coli O157:H7 colonized model of pig has been established and E. coli O157:H7 could be transmitted from infected donor pigs to naïve pigs directly and indirectly. In the present study, we want to know whether any E. coli O157:H7 strain can colonize to the alimentary tract of pig and the virulence of E. coli O157:H7 to pig by injection. Bama miniature pig was infected with E. coli O157:H7 EDL933 strain orally, but the organism could not be recovered from the feces and did not cause any tissue damage. Nevertheless, this pathogen introduced serious clinical symptoms and pathological injuries by injection, especially the nervous system and the injected pig exhibited severe neurological symptoms, including synclonus tremens, ataxia, head-pressing and recumbency, etc. The pig did not excrete urine and feces and the abdomen became tympanous. These data suggested that only certain E. coli O157:H7 strains could colonize to the GIs of pigs involved mechanisms that related to various factors. However, the organism has strong virulence to pig by injection mode and it is a risky pathogen to human health.

 Key words: Escherichia coli O157:H7, Bama miniature pig, colonization, inoculation, pathological injury.