African Journal of Immunology Research

African Journal of Immunology Research ISSN 9431-5833 Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-012, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Anti-enterovirus 71 activity screening of Taiwanese folk medicinal plants and immune modulation of Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Trautv against the virus

Hsing-Wen Hsu¹, Jen-Hsien Wang², Chaio-Li Liu², Chin-Shuh Chen¹ and Yuan-Chuen Wang¹*

¹Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 402 Taichung, R.O.C. Taiwan.

²Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, 404 Taichung, R.O.C. Taiwan.

Accepted 13 September, 2019

Abstract

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection caused host immune responses and resulted in severe pathogenicity. In this study, a preliminary anti-EV71 activity of 58 Taiwanese folk medicinal plants and further investigations of the anti-EV71 activity and immunomodulatory effect of Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Trautv (ABT) were performed. Of the 58 plant extracts, 37 extracts exhibited anti-EV71 activity and strong activity was demonstrated by six extracts with average 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) below 80 µg/ml. The ABT (one of the most effective plants) acetone extract exhibited relatively high anti-EV71 activity with 26.11 µg/ml of average IC₅₀, 3.6% of that of the positive control (ribavirin, 734.52 µg/ml). The anti-EV71 modes of the ABT extract included viral infection prevention, viral inactivation and anti-viral replication. Acidic pH treatments slightly decreased anti-EV71 activity of the extract. The ABT extract significantly increased the interlukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β and decreased the IL-8 levels in the EV71-infected cells. In summary, a high rate of the screened plants exhibited anti-EV71 activity and the greatest activity was demonstrated by ABT. High amounts of IL-6 induction in the infected-cells had high correlation with the anti-viral replication of the ABT extract.

Key words: Antienterovirus 71 activity, Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Trautv, immune modulation, medicinal plant.

African Journal of Immunology Research ISSN 9431-5833 Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Enhancement of broiler performance and immune response by Echinacea purpurea supplemented in diet

Saied Habibian Dehkordi¹*, Vajeh Fallah¹ and Shohreh Habibian Dehkordi²

¹Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.

²Department of Nutrition, Hajar Hospital, Medical Sciences University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran.

Accepted 12 August, 2019

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to compare short and long term application of Echinacea purpurea root powder on growth performance and immunity response of broiler chicks. Three replicate trials involving a total of 600 day-old Ross chicks were used in this study. In each trial, a total of 200 chicks were randomly allocated into 5 groups. Each group consisted of 4 pens with 10 chicks in each pen. The birds in group A received control mash diet during the experiment, but those in groups B and C were given control diet supplemented with 0.1% (w/w) and 0.5% (w/w) E. purpurea root powder, respectively. The chicks in groups D and E received control diet supplemented with 0.1% (w/w) and 0.5% (w/w) E. purpurea root powder, respectively, just for one week and fed control diet afterwards. The results showed that E. purpurea consumption for six weeks changed the total counts of white blood cells (WBCs), number of lymphocytes and heterophils, feed conversation ratio, and antibody titers against newcastle and avian influenza diseases (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this result suggests that feeding E. purpurea, particularly for long time, may improve feed conversion, change blood cells number and enhance immunity response in broilers.

Key words: Echinacea purpurea, broilers, feed conversion, immunity response.

African Journal of Immunology Research ISSN 9431-5833 Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Cellular immune response of infectious bursal disease and Newcastle disease vaccinations in broilers exposed to monochromatic lights

Avesta Sadrzadeh¹, Gholamreza Nikbakht Brujeni², Masoud Livi¹, Mohammad Javad Nazari¹, Meysam Tehrani Sharif¹, Hossein Hassanpour³* and Nasrin Haghighi³

¹Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran.

²Department of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

³Department of Basic Sciences (Physiology Division), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.

Accepted 19 September, 2018

Abstract

To investigate the effects of various monochromatic lights on T lymphocytes proliferation and serum nitric oxide production in chicken vaccinated with infectious bursal disease and newcastle disease vaccines, a total of 60 one-day-old broilers were exposed to red, green, blue, white and yellow light by using a light-emitting diode system for 6 weeks. The results indicated that the proliferation of peripheral blood T lymphocytes in the chickens exposed to white and green lights significantly increased when compared with other groups at 37 days of age (P < 0.05). In the early days, the results were different. The enhancement of T lymphocytes proliferation with green and yellow lights occurred at 18 days, whereas the enhancement with green light was less than other lights at 30 days. Red light promoted NO (nitrix oxide) production at maximum level in the chickens, while green light suppressed it at minimum level after 37 days. These results suggested that green and white lights had strong effects on immunity, especially at the last days of rearing.

Key words: Monochromatic lights, vaccination, nitric oxide, broiler chicken.

African Journal of Immunology Research ISSN 9431-5833 Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of 11-hydroxy-∆8-THC-dimethylheptyl effects on cytokines profile and locomotor tests in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Mohammad  Hossein Aarabi¹, Mohammad Esmaeil Shahaboddin¹*, Karim Parastouei¹, Mitra Motallebi², Akbar Jafarnejad¹, Mehdi Mirhashemi¹ and Gholam A. Hamidi³

¹Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I. R., Iran.

²Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I. R., Iran.

³Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I. R., Iran.

Accepted 19 June, 2018

Abstract

One of the components that activate cannabinoids (CB) receptors is 11-hydroxy-∆8-THC-dimethylheptyl (HU-210). The present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of HU-210 treatment to cytokines profile and locomotor tests in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model in the mice. A total of 48 male C57BL/6 mice were placed in 8 therapeutic groups. Mice were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35–55. When EAE was observed¸ HU-210 was subcutaneously administered in 3 groups with different doses: 3,10,30 mg/kg. Control groups were treated to vehicle or HU-210. Drug or vehicle was given once on the following days: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17. During the study clinical scores of disease and balance beam test were analyzed. After 17 days of treatment, the animals sacrificed and, TNFα, IL-12, IL-4 level in serum was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our results showed that HU-210-treated mice had significantly less clinical score of EAE than non-treated EAE induced mice (p<0.05). Data revealed that dose 30 mg/kg HU-210 in EAE induced mice significantly decreased serum TNFα, IL-12 (p<0.05). Also, Serum IL-4 levels increased significantly in mice receiving 3, 10, 30 mg/kg dose of HU-210 (p<0.05). Present study revealed the beneficial effects of HU-210 in the model of EAE, and suggests its potential use as a drug for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS).

Key words: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, 11-hydroxy-∆8-THC-dimethylheptyl, cytokine, cannabinoids.

African Journal of Immunology Research ISSN 9431-5833 Vol. 6 (1), pp. 001-009, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The effect of garlic ( Allium sativum) on growth and immune responses of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis aureus)

Diegane Ndong¹* and Jean Fall²

¹Agence Nationale de l'Aquaculture, 146 Sotrac Mermoz, BP1496 –Dakar, Sénégal.

²Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen Kibanadai Nishi 1-1, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.

Accepted 12 October, 2018

Abstract

Garlic (Allium sativum) was incorporated into diets (0 (control group), 0.5 and 1 g/kg (test groups)) of juvenile hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus. The fish initial weight was 25.5 ± 1.0 g (mean± SD) with no significant size difference among the treatments. Innate immune response responses were evaluated for 2 to 4 weeks. Total leucocyte count, respiratory burst, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index and lysozyme activity were enhanced in garlic 0.5 g/kg treated groups compared to the control group after 4 weeks. Fish fed with garlic supplemented diets at 0.5 g/kg showed decreased on weight gain at 2 and 4 weeks as compared to those fed with control diet.

Key words: Hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus, juvenile, garlic, Allium sativum, innate immune response.

African Journal of Immunology Research ISSN 9431-5833 Vol. 6 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals 

Full Length Research Paper

Benign monoclonal gammopathy in a dog exhibiting a low antibody titer to EHRLICHIA CANIS

Stephanie Ng¹, Sophia Lim¹, Allison Daub², Surinder S. Saini¹ and Azad K. Kaushik^1,3* 

¹Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1, Canada.

²Campus Estates Animal Hospital, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 3A2, Canada.

³Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1, Canada.

Accepted 03 September, 2018

Abstract

The occurrence of a remarkable benign γ-monoclonal gammopathy in a 2.5-year-old intact male bichon frise dog, secondary to acute EHRLICHIA CANIS infection, with no travel history outside of Ontario. Exceptionally high levels of serum IgG (104.0 g/ L) as a result of benign monoclonal gammopathy were noted during the disease state that returned to normal subsequent to recovery. Treatment with doxycyline and prednisone resulted in complete recovery and disappearance of the monoclonal gammopathy. In conclusion, such a recovery from monoclonal gammopathy due to infection is indeed promising since very high serum IgG concentrations can be brought back to physiological levels by therapeutic intervention.

Key words: Dog, benign monoclonal gammopathy, Ehrlichia canis.