African Journal of Philosophy and Religious Studies

African Journal of Philosophy and Religious Studies ISSN 1621-4587 Vol. 4 (6), pp. 001-006, June, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Comparison between the phenomenon of habitual lying with a standard criterion of lying

Stipe Buzar, Borna Jalšenjak, Kristijan Krka *, Josip Lukin, Damir Mladi and Ivan Spaji

Zagreb School of Economics and Management / Croatian Studies - Philosophical Faculty of the Society of Jesus in Zagreb, Jordanovac 110, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.

Accepted 24 March, 2018

Abstract

In the paper the authors discuss phenomenon of habitual (or automatic) lying and compare it with a standard criterion of lying. Habitual lying seems to occupy middle ground between telling the whole truth and telling a lie with previous intent to deceive. Finally, they try to answer some, it appears, most probable objections to such criterion of habitual lying. The criterion itself rests on the basic distinction between intent to deceive previous or to an act of uttering a false sentence as being true (or vice versa) and an intention implicit in the very act of uttering a sentence.

Key words: Habitual lying, intent to deceive, intention implicit in an act, intention previous to an act, lying, lying automatically, searle, truth-telling, wittgenstein.

African Journal of Philosophy and Religious Studies ISSN 1621-4587 Vol. 4 (5), pp. 001-007, May, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Review

A Cartesian critique of the artificial intelligence

Rajakishore Nath

Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai-76, Indian. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 26 January, 2018

Abstract

This paper deals with the philosophical problems concerned with research in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), in particular with problems arising out of claims that AI exhibits ‘consciousness’, ‘thinking’ and other ‘inner’ processes and that they simulate human intelligence and cognitive processes in general. The argument is to show how Cartesian mind is non-mechanical. Descartes’ concept of ‘I think’ presupposes subjective experience, because it is ‘I’ who experiences the world. Likewise, Descartes’ notion of ‘I’ negates the notion of computationality of the mind. The essence of mind is thought and the acts of thoughts are identified with the acts of consciousness. Therefore, it follows that cognitive acts are conscious acts, but not computational acts. Thus, for Descartes, one of the most important aspects of cognitive states and processes is their phenomenality, because our judgments, understanding, etc. can be defined and explained only in relation to consciousness and not in relation to computationality. We can only find computationality in machines and not in the mind, which wills, understands and judges.

Key words: Cartesian mind, artificial intelligence, physical symbols, non-mechanical mind, thought, intelligence, cognitive, intentionality, subjectivity.

African Journal of Philosophy and Religious Studies ISSN 1621-4587 Vol. 4 (4), pp. 001-003, April, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Integration of rational and conscious experience is the base of planetary society

Amrit Sorli

Scientific Research Centre Bistra, Ptuj, Slovenia. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 06 January, 2018

Abstract

In every country in the world we teach our children that they belong to a certain nation and religion. The fact that we all live on the same planet Earth is not taken into consideration. The result is that we raise people with narrow personal identification, which can always be manipulated and used for violence and war with people of other nations and religions. In order to stop this centuries-long destruction we have to raise new generations that will first belong to the planetary society and second to a certain nation or religion. In the today’s educational system worldwide we mostly develop the rational analytic experience of the world, while the conscious synthetic experience if left aside. In order to strengthen the integration forces between people of this planet the scientific analytic experience needs to be enriched with conscious synthetic experience of the world. Conscious experience has a dimension of “sacredness”; one discovers his/her deep connectedness with other human beings, the nature and the universe. This experience of oneness is the basis for a peaceful planetary society living in cohabitation with nature.

Key words: Perception, experience, observer, observing, rational mind, consciousness, watching, witnessing, self-experience, mind, time, timeless, oneness, planetary society, dual-aspect-dual-mode PE-SE framework, proto-experience, subjective experience, peace, happiness, war, suffering.

African Journal of Philosophy and Religious Studies ISSN 1621-4587 Vol. 3 (3), pp. 001-012, March, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Sa’di’s educational philosophy

Hamid Reza Alavi

Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 25 January, 2018

Abstract

Sa’di is one of the greatest Muslim Iranian poets and writers. In addition to this, he can be considered a very great and wise educator. The goal of this article is to extract and explain Sa’di’s views on philosophy of education as portrayed in his poetry and prose texts. To reach this goal, his two most important books, Gulistan and Boostan, which are prose and poetry respectively and have many educational, moral and philosophical themes, were investigated and Sa’di’s viewpoints regarding educational philosophy were extracted, explained and classified. This article shows that Sa’di has very important ideas and theories which can be used as a model in educational philosophy activities.

Key words: Sa’di, education, philosophy, religion, knowledge, value, world.

African Journal of Philosophy and Religious Studies ISSN 1621-4587 Vol. 4 (1), pp. 001-009, January, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Globalization and the future of African culture

Obioha Uwaezuoke Precious

Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Arts, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P. M. B. 2002 Ago-iwoye, Ogun State Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: 08033950443, 08029490559.

Accepted 16 December, 2017

Abstract

No man is an island to himself. In the same logic, no nation is an island to herself. In the process of international interactions, there is an interaction of cultures and thus, a borrowing and diffusion of cultures amongst nations. This is in itself not unusual. But unusual and unfortunate is the domination of one culture over the other. This is an evil, an evil of forced acculturation. This is true of globalization which has generated a lot of controversy with regards to the rise of a global culture. In the rise of a global culture, Western norms and practices are gradually being transported across the globe as the standard and acceptable way of behavior. Africa is the hardest hit in this regard. The hitherto rich, cherished and dynamic African culture has been diluted if not totally eclipsed. This paper, therefore, is an attempt to outline and critically assess the impact of globalization on African culture. In its analysis, the paper concludes that, Africa is fast running the risk of cultural atrophy consequent of the current logic of globalization. Thereafter, the paper proposes strategies for stemming the tide of cultural atrophy of the African culture in the midst of the purported rise of a global culture.

Key word: African culture, globalization, global culture, cultural atrophy, Western norms.