African Journal of Philosophy and Religious Studies

African Journal of Philosophy and Religious Studies ISSN 1621-4587 Vol. 4 (12), pp. 001-008, December, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Review

The Qur’anic universe in knowledge, time and space with a reference to matrix game in Islamic behavioural financial decision-making

Masudul Alam Choudhury

College of Commerce and Economics, Sultan Qaboos University Muscat, Sultanate of Oman International Chair, Postgraduate Program in Islamic, Economics and Finance, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Accepted 23 August, 2018

Abstract

The paper is a Qur’anic socio-philosophical rarity on the theme of learning model. Such a model is derived from the Tawhidi (monotheistic oneness) foundation of knowledge (epistemology). It is shown to construct a moral-social world-system of consciousness (phenomenology). The specific problem of Islamic behavioural economics and finance is shown to respond to such a learning model of Tawhidi unity of knowledge, its analysis, and application. The place of consciousness as the central note to Islamic behavioural dynamics in decision-making is shown to be located within the dimensions of knowledge, time and space. The analysis thus extends beyond the horizons of space-time structure. In so doing the paper is a contribution on the expanded and all-comprehensive worldview of the relations between God, Man and the universe embedded in the causal structure of the Qur’anic mind (res cogitans)-matter (res extensa) relations.

Key words: Qur’anic, res extensa, epistemology, decision-making, horizons.

African Journal of Philosophy and Religious Studies ISSN 1621-4587 Vol. 4 (11), pp. 001-017, November, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Determining the determined state: A sizing of size from aside/the amassing of mass by a mass

Marvin E. Kirsh

California State University, Los Angeles, Department of Anthropology, USA.

Accepted 08 March, 2018

Abstract

A philosophical exploration is presented that considers entities such as atoms, electrons, protons, reasoned (in existing physics theories) by induction, to be other than universal building blocks, but artifacts of a sociological struggle that in elemental description is identical with that of all processes of matter and energy. In a universal context both men and materials, when stressed, struggle to accomplish/maintain the free state. The space occupied by cognition, inferred to be the result of the inequality of spaces, is an integral component of both processes and process interpretation; arbitration space, ubiquitous throughout nature, occurred to a vast number of vastnesses, a manifestation of the existence of time dependent mass/number/amount, is argued to be located to the same judging criteria with which principles are determined for sociological purposes: the processes of mind are determined (excuse the pun) to occur as a free state that is reflectively equal to what is construed by the intellect as universe. Scientifically determined states are not free states.

Key words: mind matter form and energy, observation interpretation and common causes, the concept and physical parallels, sociological and scientific process, legality arbitration and nature, social equality and mathematical inequality, the transcendental object.

African Journal of Philosophy and Religious Studies ISSN 1621-4587 Vol. 4 (10), pp. 001-008, October, 2018. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Book Review

The structure of scientific revolutions (Thomas S. Kuhn, 1970, 2^nd ed. Chicago, London: University of Chicago Press Ltd. 210 pages)

Solomon Melesse

Senior Lecturer, Teacher Education and Curriculum Studies Department, Educational and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. E-mail: [email protected]

African Journal of Philosophy and Religious Studies ISSN 1621-4587 Vol. 4 (9), pp. 001-009, September, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Disquieting tendencies towards the pulverization of social reality-The Venezuelan case

Francisco Rodríguez

Universidad de Oriente-Venezuela. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 22 April, 2018

Abstract

The new structural tendencies inherent in the process of globalizing modernity and based on the market and instrumental rationality are generating implosive socialization, loss of culture, a subjectivity model leading to regressive individualism, and the downfall of traditional socio-cultural and identity producing structures. Its ultimate consequence is the emergence of a phenomenon causing the “pulverization of all social behavior,” understood as the matrix that provides signification to the interaction fabric of any given society, and the appearance of an instrumental ethic in its stead. The impact of this civilizing process in South America as a whole has been devastating and particularly so in Venezuela where social violence has increased beyond reasonable bounds in the last decades.

Key words: Social violence, globalizing modernity, pulverization of social behavior, loss of culture, imploding socialization.

African Journal of Philosophy and Religious Studies ISSN 1621-4587 Vol. 4 (8), pp. 001-002, August, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Perspective

Krishna – the catalyst for emancipation

Bibhu Prasad Rath

D-411, Parsvnath Prestige Sector-93A Noida-201304, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Accepted 20 May, 2018

Abstract

Hinduism (Dasa, 2009) unlike Buddhism, Christianity and Islam does not have a founder. While most major religions derive from new ideas taught by a charismatic leader, Hinduism, the Santana Dharma or the eternal tradition is simply the religion of the people of India, which has gradually developed over four thousand years. The origins and authors of its sacred texts are largely unknown. Yet an understanding of Krishna (Richard, 1994) is critical to understand Hinduism. The universal nature of Krishna’s teaching is explored here.

Key words: Enigmatic, Krishna, catalyst, emancipation, gopis, Devine-in-human, human-in-devine, bhakta (Devotee), Viswarupa Darshana (Vision of the Almighty), Bhagavad Gita-(song celestial), samskara (Impression), maya (Illusion).

African Journal of Philosophy and Religious Studies ISSN 1621-4587 Vol. 4 (7), pp. 001-010, July, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Sri Aurobindo and Einstein’s theory of relativity

Nikhil Kumar

Department of English, Veer Kunwar Singh University, Arrah, Bihar, India, Pin-802301, India. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected].

Accepted 12 January, 2018

Abstract

Sri Aurobindo is a poet and yogi of the unknown eternal heights. In his epic SAVITRI which he has written from a very high plane of yogic consciousness he finds ‘Space’ as ‘a vast experiment of the soul, the soul which is a portion of the Divine in the constitution of the being of man, more to say, the individual poise of the Supreme Divine at the centre of the being of man. Since the plane of yogic consciousness exists above the plane of the intellectual consciousness, such a vision of Sri Aurobindo in the epic is explored and investigated in this paper to know that the scientific mind is evolving into it. Einstein has demolished the concept of Newton that Space and Time are the two incompatible realities as he discovers the existence of four-dimensional plane where exists Space and Time integrally. Such a discovery of Einstein has paved the way for coming closer to Sri Aurobindo’s vision of Space. We come to realize such a movement of Science towards Sri Aurobindo when the great scientist says very categorically that the three-dimensional plane of existence where Space and Time appear as the two incompatible realities is the projection of the four-dimensional plane of existence in the same manner in which shadow is a two-dimensional projection of a three-dimensional object. In view of this, energy which, according to the theory of relativity, creates Matter comes to be a projection of something essential or fundamental of the four-dimensional plane of existence, the four-dimensional plane which is transcendent to the plane of three-dimensional existence. Thus, a spiritual reality emerges, and we are in need of going deeper with the light of the yogic consciousness of Sri Aurobindo to arrive at the ultimate Truth. Such an exploration is sure to establish the truth that Science requires to evolve to the plane of higher consciousness which is essentially spiritual from where the higher literature like SAVITRI is produced in order to discover the ultimate Truth.

Key words: Sri Aurobindo, Albert Einstein, the supramental, the spiritual planes of consciousness, the four-dimensional plane of existence, the three-dimensional plane of existence, the plane of subtle matter.