ISSN 2329-9797
Short Communication
International Journal of Agricultural Economics and Extension ISSN 2329-9797 Vol. 11 (3), pp. 001-003, March, 2023. © International Scholars Journals
Short communication
Reactions of cowpea to infection by Macrophomina phaseolina isolates from leguminous plants in Nigeria
Amusa N.A.1 Okechukwu R.U1and 2Akinfenwa B
1Department of plant science and applied Zoology Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago- Iwoye, Nigeria.
2PHMD IITA Ibadan, Nigeria
Accepted 16 February, 2022
Abstract
The reaction of cowpea to infection by Macrophomina phaseolina isolates, from leguminous plants in Nigeria, was investigated at Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria. M. phaseolina isolates obtained from six different leguminous species induced necrotic lesions of varying sizes on two cowpea varieties, IT83D-340 and IT84D-488. Isolate 93-295 from winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonoloteus) leaf tissues was the most virulent, inducing necrotic lesions of 4.8 mm in diameter on cowpea stem tissues while the smallest necrotic lesion size of 3.2 mm was induced on the same cowpea by isolate 93-52-1. This suggests that cowpea varieties are highly susceptible to M. phaseolina isolates from six different legumes. Moreover, the reactions of the two-cowpea varieties to M. phaseolina isolates from the six legumes differ significantly. This suggests that differences exist in the susceptibility of cowpea varieties to the pathogen.
Key word: Macrophomina phaseolina, pathogenicity, leguminous plant, cowpea diseases, southwestern Nigeria.
Akinfenwa B, Amusa N.A. Okechukwu R.U
Page: 1 - 3
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJAEE/1143Research Article
International Journal of Agricultural Economics and Extension ISSN 2329-9797 Vol. 11 (3), pp. 001-009, March, 2023. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research paper
Crop-livestock diversification patterns in relation to income and manure use: A case study from a Rift Valley Community, Kenya
Miyuki Iiyama1,2*, Joseph Maitima1 and Patrick Kariuki1
1International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya.
2The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Accepted 26 February, 2022
Abstract
Most rural households in the semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa practise mixed crop- livestock farming. With population growth and the subsequent scarcity of land available for extensive farming, the only option available for these households is to intensify production. For this to be successful, one must understand the divergent patterns of intensification and their relation to the economic needs of households. In a Rift Valley community in Kenya, inter-household heterogeneities in adopting distinctive combinations of particular crop and livestock productions (they are defined as ‘crop-livestock diversification’ or CLD patterns) were observed. Principal component analysis was used to identify the dominant CLD patterns which reflect complementarities between crop and livestock types. This was followed by an assessment of the association between the CLD patterns and the economic returns and manure use of the households. Among the five dominant CLD patterns identified, households that kept improved cattle and grew fruits were found to earn higher incomes and apply more organic manure. Conversely, households that grew staple crops with or without indigenous animals were found to apply less manure. Education, participation in farmers’ groups, access to the training centre, and family size were key factors affecting the adoption of CLD patterns.
Key words: Crop-livestock integration, sustainable intensification, income, manure application, rural Kenya
Joseph Maitima and Patrick Kariuki, Miyuki Iiyama*
Page: 1 - 9
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJAEE/1142Research Article
O. J. Okwu, A. A. Kuku and J. I. Aba*
Page: 1 - 5
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJAEE/1141Review
International Journal of Agricultural Economics and Extension ISSN 2329-9797 Vol. 11 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2023. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Nutrient content of important fruit trees from arid zone of Rajasthan
Mala Rathore
Non-Wood Forest Products Division, Arid Forest Research Institute, PO- Krishi Mandi, Pali Road, Jodhpur-342005 (Rajasthan), India. E-mail:[email protected]. Tel: 0291-2729164.
Accepted 5 January, 2022
Abstract
Forests have provided food and shelter to man since ages. About 20% of the plants occurring in the forests are reported to have direct utility to mankind. Around 600 plant species in Indian forests are ennumerated to have food value. Arid zone vegetation comprises a wide range of edible fruit bearing and food producing species viz. Capparis decidua (Ker), Cordia dichotoma (lasora), Ziziphus mauritiana (ber), Ziziphus nummularia (Bordi), Salvadora oleoides (Jal), Balanites aegyptiaca (Hingota), Prosopis cineraria (Khejri) etc. which play an important role in the nutrition of children in rural and urban areas alike and are relished by them. Most of these fruits are rich sources of protein and energy. Ker is a rich source of fibre, vitamin A and vitamin C. Ber is richer than apple in protein, phosphorous, calcium, carotene and vitamin C. However they are often under valued and underutilized as more exotic fruits become accessible. Also most of these are not cultivated and there is only scant and dispersed knowledge about them. Their production and consumption provides a dietary supplement as well as commercial opportunity. Potential fruit species from arid region are reviewed in context with their nutrient contents.
Key words: Fruits, nutrition, protein, vitamin A, energy.
Mala Rathore
Page: 1 - 6
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJAEE/1140Review
International Journal of Agricultural Economics and Extension ISSN 2329-9797 Vol. 11 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals
Review
A review of constraints to ware Irish potatoes production in Kenya
Jane Muthoni1* and D. O. Nyamongo2
1Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI). National Potato Research Centre, Tigoni, Kenya.
2Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI). National Genebank of Kenya, Muguga. Kenya.
Accepted 12 June, 2022
Abstract
Irish potatoes are an important food crop in Kenya, with production volumes only second to maize. Potatoes are produced in the cool highlands mostly by small scale farmers under rain-fed conditions. The soils in these areas are generally acidic and of low fertility due to anthropogenic activities. The national production is far below the potential, largely due to limited use of certified seeds, low application of fertilizers and other organic amendments, and low use of fungicides and other production chemicals. Marketing problems bedeviling potato industry include lack of organized channels in which farmers have no power. The channel is controlled by cartels, which shield producers from receiving any market information. There is a lot of handling and in the process the producer’s share in the final price of the commodity is minimal. Transport of potatoes to the market is expensive due to poor road infrastructure in the producing area. Seasonality in production and lack of on-farm ware potato storage lead to minimal returns to farmers.
Key words: Irish potatoes, production, marketing, constraints.
D. O. Nyamongo, Jane Muthoni*
Page: 1 - 6
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJAEE/1139Research Article
International Journal of Agricultural Economics and Extension ISSN 2329-9797 Vol. 11 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
In vitro propagation of white-flower mutant of Rhynchostylis gigantea (Lindl.) Ridl. through immature seed-derived protocorm-like bodies
Zhi-Ying Li* and Li Xu
Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hainan Danzhou 571737 , P. R. China.
Accepted 20 July, 2022
Abstract
Rapid in vitro propagation of white-flower mutant of Rhynchostylis gigantea (Lindl.) Ridl. was established for the first time through 4 month old immature seed-derived protocorm-like bodies (PLBs). 75% of PLBs developed from immature seeds cultured on half- strength MS medium with 0.05 mg·l-1 6-BA and 0.2 mg·l-1 NAA within 70 days upon transfer to MS medium with 2.0 mg/l-1 BA and 1.0 mg·l-1 NAA were induced to produce callus. Maintenance of the callus was achieved by subculturing the callus at an interval of 2 months on medium having the same level of growth regulators. The callus turned up to protocorm -like bodies upon transfer to hormone-free MS medium after 30 days of culture and later developed to shoots with 2-4 leaves. Transfer of the emerged shoots to half strength MS medium containing 100 g·l-1 banana homogenate facilitated root development and shoot growth. Plantlets established ex vitro exhibited 95% survival.
Key words: Plant regeneration, protocorm, Rhynchostylis gigantea (Lindl.) Ridl., somatic embryogenesis.
Zhi-Ying Li*, Li Xu
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https://doi.org/10.46882/IJAEE/1138