International Journal of Agricultural Economics and Extension

International Journal of Agricultural Economics and Extension ISSN 2329-9797 Vol. 9 (1), pp. 001-003, January, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

Survey of plant parasitic nematodes associated with rice (Oryza sativa L.) in South Eastern Nigeria

I. O. Udo*, N. E. Nneke and A. M. Uyioata

Department of Crop Science, University of Uyo, P. M. B. 1017 Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

Accepted 11 October, 2020

Abstract

The presence and population of plant parasitic nematodes associated with rice cultivation was determined at the rice cultivation zone of Ini Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, through a survey. Samples of plant roots and soil were randomly collected for the presence of nematodes while extraction was conducted using Pie Pan Modification of the Baerman funnel method. The results showed the presence of three genera of nematodes: Heterodera, Hirschmaniella and Meloidogyne. There was a significant (P<0.05) difference in the preponderance of the different nematode population with Heterodera recording a mean distribution of 60 and 65% in soil and roots samples, respectively. The significant presence of Heterodera in the studied area could pose a potential problem to rice cultivation.

Key words: Rice, nematodes, Heterodera, Baermann, Nigeria.

International Journal of Agricultural Economics and Extension ISSN 2329-9797 Vol. 9 (1), pp. 001-008, January, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effects of gibberellic acid on sugarcane plants exposed to salinity under a hydroponic system

Mahmoud Shomeili^1,2*, Majid Nabipour¹ , Mosa Meskarbashee¹ and Hamid Rajabi Memari¹

¹Agronomy Department, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran.

²Agronomy Department, Sugarcane Research Center, Iran.

Accepted 21 October, 2020

Abstract

A hydroponical experiment was conducted to evaluate the possible interaction of salinity (EC 0 and 9 dSm^-1) and occurrence of exogenous gibberellic acid (GA₃) (100 ppm) on imbalance and partitioning of nutrients in a popular sugarcane genotype (var. CP48-103) and its somaclonal tolerant variant. The results revealed that the uptake and partitioning of N, K⁺, Na⁺ and Cl^- content were affected as a result of salinity, so salt stress induced the accumulation of toxic elements, namely: Na⁺ and CI ^-, and particularly in CP48-103. The tolerant variant performed better by maintaining higher N and K⁺. Some important parameters, namely shoot/root dry matter ratio and chlorophyll content decreased, while soluble sugars and protein content increased due to salt stress. Irrespective of the genotypes, supplementing GA₃ (100 ppm) as foliar application play important role on imparting salt tolerance in terms of enhancing nutrient uptake, as well as the morphological and physiological aspects. The result of this study showed that inhibition of the growth of sugarcane plantlets by salt stress was removed by GA₃.

Key words: Sugarcane, salt stress, somaclonal variant, gibberellic acid.

International Journal of Agricultural Economics and Extension ISSN 2329-9797 Vol. 8 (7), pp. 001-015, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A limnological survey on characterizing the high altitude water bodies for enhanced future fisheries productivity in Kigezi satellite Lakes

*Wasswa Okot Oculi, daudi E. Kato and Cornelius Matthew

Kachwekano Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute (KaZARDI), P. O. Box 421, Kabale, Uganda.

Accepted 12 May, 2020                                                                                                       

Abstract

A limnological survey was conducted in six Lakes: Mulehe, Mutanda, Kayumbu, Chahafi, Bunyonyi and Nakasanda, of South-Western Uganda (SWU) in September 2014. The baseline survey aimed at characterizing the high altitude water bodies for enhanced future fisheries productivity. The results indicated that Lake Nakasanda had the highest temperature (24°C). Although other physic-chemical conditions of the water bodies varied, they were within acceptable ranges for fish productivity with no extreme cases reported.  Chlorophyll-a was recorded highest  in Lakes Nakasanda (16.8±3.4 µgL-1)  and Bunyonyi (14.2±9.5 µgL-1). Rotifers were the most dominant zooplankton taxa with a total of 16 species and Lake Mulehe had the highest abundance (2,089,423±4,511 individuals m-2) while the least abundance were recorded in Lakes Nakasanda (471,608±35,505 individuals m-2) and Chahafi (473,354±15,279 individuals m-2). Among the macro-invertebrates, Diptera was the most abundant with Lake Mutanda recording the highest species richness of 8. The recorded absence or fewer individuals of some zooplankton and macro-invertebrate species/groups in certain aquatic ecosystems were attributed to the water quality. The variation in water quality, results from human activities and this may impart negative implications on fish productivity if not remedied.

 Key words: Minor Lakes, physic-chemical parameters, Chlorophyll-a, zooplankton, macro-invertebrates.

International Journal of Agricultural Economics and Extension ISSN 2329-9797 Vol. 8 (7), pp. 001-007, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Checklists for evaluating high value agricultural products projects: The experience of the pacific island developing countries

Amos Gyau¹, Zac Tchoundjeu¹ and Stelle Franzel²

¹World Agroforestry Centre, West and Central Africa Region, P. O. Box 16317, Yaounde, Cameroon.

²World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, Kenya.

Accepted 21 November, 2019

Abstract

This paper identifies and investigates high value agricultural products (HVAPs) related projects in the experiences of the Pacific islands developing countries (PIDCs). Based on analysis and evaluation of project reports, the paper identifies key factors and checklists which need to be evaluated in embarking on projects which affect the development of HVAPs related projects. The main elements of the proposed framework include external factors, level of integration of the value chain project to traditional agricultural system of the beneficiary country, market analysis, how holistic is the approach and linkages of the projects to other projects. The paper provokes thoughts for the development of a holistic framework to analyse HVAPs projects in the PIDC in particular and developing countries in general.

Key words: High value agricultural products, programmes, Pacific island countries, checklist.

International Journal of Agricultural Economics and Extension ISSN 2329-9797 Vol. 8 (7), pp. 001-004, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Levels of copper in liver, muscle and gill tissues in Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843) from Munzur River, Turkey

D. Danabas¹*, F. Benzer², O. Kaplan³ and N. C. Yildirim⁴

¹Tunceli University, Fisheries Faculty, TR62000, Tunceli, Turkey.

²Veterinary Control and Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, TR23100, Elazig, Turkey.

³Tunceli University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, TR62000, Tunceli, Turkey.

⁴Tunceli University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, TR62000, Tunceli, Turkey.

Accepted 18 November, 2019

Abstract

Heavy metal pollution of waters is a major environmental problem. Due to their toxicity, long persistence, bioaccumulative and nonbiodegradable properties in the food chain, heavy metals constitute a core group of aquatic pollutants. Capoeta trutta is an economically important fish and the object of significant commercial fishery in the Munzur River. Levels of Cu were measured in samples of the muscle, gill and liver tissues of C. trutta from Munzur River. In liver copper levels were higher at Station I (6.15 mg kg^-1) polluted by domestic waste than Station II (5.48 mg kg^-1) (P<0.05). The highest copper level (7.25 mg kg^-1) was measured in muscle tissue at Station II. There was found no statically differences between stations in gill and muscle (P>0.05). It is suggested that ecological condition of freshwater fish and contamination levels in Munzur River must be regularly monitored.

Key words: Munzur River, copper, Capoeta trutta, domestic sewage.

International Journal of Agricultural Economics and Extension ISSN 2329-9797 Vol. 8 (7), pp. 001-013, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The effects of rootstock on the volatile flavor components of page mandarin [(Citrus reticulata var dancy × Citrus paradisi var dancan) × Citrus clemantina] flower and leaf

Behzad Babazadeh Darjazi

Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University (I. A U), Tehran, Iran. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 21 May, 2020

Abstract

The effects of rootstock on the volatile flavor components of page mandarin flower and leaf were investigated in this study. Flower flavor components were extracted by using ultrasound(US) water bath apparatus and eluted by n-pentane: diethylether(1:2) solvent and then analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Leaf flavor components were extracted by using water distillation method and eluted by using n-hexane solvent and then analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Fifty-two flower components and, sixty-nine leaf components including: aldehydes, alcohols, esters, ketones, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and other components were identified and quantified. The major flavor components were linalool, limonene, ocimene, α -pinene, sabinene and myrcene. The flower and leaf oil from plants grown on Swingle Citrumelo and Yuzu showed the highest content of aldehydes. Since the aldehyde content of citrus oil is considered one of the more important indicators of high quality, rootstock apparently has a profound influence on Page mandarin flower and leaf oil quality.

Key words: Page mandarin flower, page mandarin leaf, flavor components, rootstock, ultrasound, water-distillation.