ISSN 2326-7291
Research Article
International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology ISSN: 2326-7291 Vol. 5 (4), pp. 252-258, April, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of cyanobacteria and absence of cyanotoxins in a public water supply source
Gustavo Luiz1, Carlos Kanitz2 and Souza André2
1Center of Agrarian, Environment and Biological Sciences (CCAAB) of UFRB, Cruz das Almas BA Brazil, 44380-000.
2Preventive Veterinarian Medicine and Animal Reproduction of FCAV/UNESP, 14884-900, Jaboticabal SP Brazil.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 02 January, 2016
Abstract
Current analysis, involving measurements of biotic and abiotic factors, determined which factor favored cyanobacteria with subsequent concentrations of microcystins in water collected from a public water supply source during the dry and rainy periods and which received residual water from agricultural production systems. Since no microcystins were detected, waters fitted within the maximum limits of 1mg.L-1 for MC-LR. Nevertheless, if aquiculture production systems are not properly administered, especially for the diet factor, great risks will exist in the contamination and pollution of fresh water. This fact may cause intoxication to the population that use the water and to the aquatic plants and animals which make it their habitat.
Key words: HPLC, nitrogen, organic matter, microcystins, phosphorus.
Carlos Kanitz and Souza André, Gustavo Luiz
Page: 252 - 258
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJPHE/1059Research Article
International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology ISSN: 2326-7291 Vol. 5 (5), pp. 259-266, May, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Examination of the knowledge and awareness about AIDS in urban and rural women of Bangladesh
Jalal Bhakti
Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 02 December, 2015
Abstract
This study utilized data from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2004 to identify the determinants of knowledge about AIDS for women of urban and rural areas of Bangladesh, bi-variate and multivariate logistic regression methods were employed in analyzing data. This study found that a wider gap exists between urban and rural areas regarding knowledge about AIDS, where every 8 out of 10 urban women know about AIDS but almost half of the rural women still do not know about AIDS. Mass media play a major role for growing awareness about AIDS in both of these areas. In the urban area 61.6 percent women knew at least one correct way to avoid AIDS but rural women are in miserable condition because the corresponding figure for rural women was only 31.3% that means 37.7 and 67.7% among urban and rural women respectively still did not know how to avoid AIDS. Binary logistic regression method shows that education, occupation, ever use of contraception, currently using condom, permission to go to hospital/health center, mass media exposure, region of residence and wealth index significantly influence the knowledge about AIDS among rural women, whereas, in the urban areas except occupation and currently using condom all these remaining variables appear as the significant predictors of knowledge about AIDS.
Key words: AIDS, mass media, Bangladesh, logistic regression analysis.
Jalal Bhakti
Page: 259 - 266
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJPHE/1060Research Article
International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology ISSN: 2326-7291 Vol. 5 (3), pp. 246-251, March, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Use of Intermittent preventive treatment with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in pregnancy at health care facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria
Alli Akande1, Kola Adedeji1 and Ladipo Akinjide2
1Department of Paediatrics, University College Hospital, Ibadán, Oyo State, Nigeria.
2Institute of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan Oyo State, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 22 October, 2015
Abstract
Malaria in pregnancy (MIP) remains a major public health concern, inspite of the adoption of WHO recommended intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp) with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) for its control in Nigeria. Using interviewer administered questionnaires, information on knowledge of the burden, consequences and the use of SP for malaria control in pregnancy was obtained from 800 mothers within 24 h after delivery at two health centres in Ibadan. Women who attended antenatal care (ANC) at the secondary facility were less likely to demonstrate poor knowledge of causes (OR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.08, 0.38), consequences (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.24, 0.55) and control strategies (OR = 0.32, 95% = 0.18, 0.59) compared with tertiary facility. Only 56.4% of all the mothers were aware of IPTp SP as government policy for prevention of MIP out of which 16.9% used IPTp SP in index pregnancy. Overall, only 18.4% of all mothers used IPTp SP. Being unaware of the existing government policy and educational attainment of 9 years independently predicted non-usage of IPTp SP. This study revealed that the uptake of IPTp SP in pregnancy is poor in spite of good knowledge of burden of malaria in pregnancy and underscores the need to scale up awareness campaign and monitor implementation at all levels of health care.
Key words: Malaria in pregnancy, intermittent preventive treatment, sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine.
Kola Adedeji and Ladipo Akinjide, Alli Akande
Page: 246 - 251
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJPHE/1058Research Article
International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology ISSN 2326-7291 Vol. 5 (1), pp. 231-238, January, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Sexual behavior and knowledge of reproductive health and HIV prevention among secondary school students in Nigeria
Hassan A.O1, Oladeji A.O1, Atibioke O.P1, Ehimatie B1, Ojomo O.A1, Lannap F1, Osinowo K.A1, Ajuwon A.J2, Uzuegbunam E3, Ladipo O.A1
1Association for Reproductive and Family Health, Millennium Builder’s Plaza, Plot 251 Herbert Macaulay Way, Central Business District, Abuja, Nigeria.
2University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. 3 HIV/AIDS Division, Federal Ministry of Education, Federal Secretariat Complex, Abuja, Nigeria.
Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Received 21 August, 2015; Accepted 23 January, 2016
Abstract
In Nigeria, adolescents have been long identified as vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV/AIDS. They face multiple challenges including unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortion, sexual coercion resulting in sexually transmitted infections including HIV and AIDS. The study assessed sexual behavior and knowledge of reproductive health and HIV prevention among secondary school students as part of efforts to plan appropriate interventions among this population. The study employed a cross-sectional study design in which data were collected from 1914 secondary schools students across six states in all the geopolitical zones in Nigeria. Data were collected using 47-item questionnaire which explored the students’ socio-demographic characteristic, knowledge of HIV/AIDS and reproductive health, attitude towards HIV prevention and people living with HIV/AIDS, condom use and abstinence and sexual behaviour. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and t-test at 0.05 level of significance. Majority (93.6%) of the respondents had good knowledge of HIV and other STIs. Females had a slightly higher mean knowledge of HIV and other STIs than their male counterparts (38.4 ±7. 7 vs 37.8 ± 7.5) (p<0.05). Only 22.8% has ever been tested for HIV out of which 25.5% were males and 20.5% were females. More males (24.4%) reported that they had ever experienced sexual intercourse than their female counterparts (13.2%). The overall mean age of sexual debut was 13.9 ± 4.9. Secondary schools students in Nigeria are quite knowledgeable about reproductive health but few practice safe sex. Behavioral change communication needs to be strengthened among these adolescents.
Keywords: HIV/AIDS, reproductive health, sexual behaviour, adolescent, sex.
Ojomo O.A1, Hassan A.O, Oladeji A.O, Uzuegbunam E, Atibioke O.P, Ladipo O.A, Lannap F1, Osinowo K.A, Ajuwon A.J, Ehimatie B
Page: 231 - 238
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJPHE/1055Research Article
International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology ISSN 2326-7291 Vol. 5 (1), pp. 220-230, January, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of pre and post test knowledge score of nurses on care of patient with central venous access devices in selected oncology hospital of Bangalore
Verma Kumari*1, Sao Devi2 and Ambika Narayani2
1Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, AECS Maruti College of Nursing, Bangalore 560076, India.
2Department of Pharmacy Practice, Doctor of Pharmacy, VIPS under KIMS of RGUHS, Bangalore 560070, India.
Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 06 November, 2015
Abstract
Central venous access devices are small, flexible tubes placed in large veins for people who require frequent access to the bloodstream. Educational programs that advance knowledge, skill and competence and determine performance levels for nurses caring for patients with central venous access devices will be effective. Development of criteria rating scale, preparation of Structural Teaching Programme (STP) and content validity were the steps followed to develop STP. The present study was conducted at the New Building of Bangalore Institute of Oncology. Staff nurses had the highest mean percentage (70%) in complications and its management concept, and lowest (66%) in the area of concept with standard deviation of 1.1 and 1.5 respectively. The overall pre-test knowledge mean percentage was 67%. Staff nurses had the highest mean percentage (91%) in the complications and its management, and lowest (85%) in the area of concept with standard deviation of 1.2 and 1.6 respectively. The overall post test knowledge mean percentage was 87%. Overall, mean percent of pre test knowledge score was 67% and post test knowledge score was 87%. The data further supports that post test knowledge scores were greater than the pre test knowledge scores. So, there was 20% enhancement in the overall knowledge after the structured teaching program. The statistical paired ‘t’ test for overall knowledge was found as 8.5 (p-value = 0.0001) which emphasizes that the difference in pre test and post test knowledge score was found to be statistically significant at 0.0001 level. This implies that the teaching programme on care of patient with central venous access device among staff nurses is effective.
Key words: Nurse, central venous access devices, structural teaching programme.
Sao Devi and Ambika Narayani, Verma Kumari*
Page: 220 - 230
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJPHE/1056Case Report
International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology ISSN 2326-7291 Vol. 5 (2), pp. 244-245, February, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Case Report
Management of severe and refractory HLA-B27 negative heel enthesitis using adalimumab
Faisal Salman
Department of Rheumatology, King AbdulAziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 15 November, 2015
Abstract
Enthesitis is a common manifestation of HLA-B27 positive spondyloarthritis. Here, we report the successful use of adalimumab for the treatment of an unusual case of isolated heel enthesitis, in an HLA-B27 negative patient without additional clinical symptoms of undifferentiated spondyloarthritis. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence that supports the beneficial use of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapies for patients with enthesitis.
Key words: Adalimumab, enthesitis, spondyloarthritis, magnetic resonance imaging.
Faisal Salman
Page: 244 - 245
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJPHE/1057