International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology

International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology ISSN 2326-7291 Vol. 14 (2), pp. 001-008, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Relationship Between Plasma and Platelet Serotonin Levels in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

Gabriel Manjarrez-Gutiérrez^1,2*, Rocío Herrera-Márquez³, Teresa Neri-Gómez¹, Jorge Hernández-Rodríguez⁴

¹Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Cardiology Hospital, National Medical Center (CMN-SXXI), Mexican Institute of
Social Security (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
²Medical Research Unit in Neurological Diseases, Specialties Hospital, CMN-SXXI, IMSS, México, DF, México
³Pediatric Hospital, CMN-SXXI, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
⁴Laboratory of Neurontogeny, Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center of Research and
Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV) IPN, Mexico City, Mexico.

Accepted 18 September, 2024

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine, in adolescents with type 1 diabetes, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) levels in plasma and platelets, 5-HT transporter (SERT), platelet 5-HT2A receptor and transglutaminase 2. We performed a cross-sectional studying two groups: 1) adolescents with type 1 diabetes and 2) controls. Three milliliters of blood was obtained from all patients to determine 5-HT levels in plasma and platelets. Furthermore, platelets were obtained to evaluate SERT expression, 5-HT2A receptor and transglutaminase 2 using Western blot. Dot blot was used for 5-HT. Glucose, glycated hemoglobin, albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, hemoglobin, mean platelet volume and platelet count were also measured. Results were analyzed using Student t and Mann-Whitney U tests; P < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Adolescents with type 1 diabetes had an elevation of plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin (P < 0.001) as well as an increase the 5-HT levels in plasma and platelets along with a decreased expression of SERT, 5-HT2A and increased transglutaminase 2 in platelets compared to controls (P < 0.05). Increased the 5-HT levels in plasma and platelets, together with the decreased expression of SERT and 5-HT2A receptors and increase in transglutaminase 2 platelets, may have an important role in the prothrombotic state frequently presented by patients with diabetes.

Keywords: Serotonin, type 1 diabetes mellitus, platelets, SERT, 5-HT2A receptor, transglutaminase 2.

International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology ISSN 2326-7291 Vol. 14 (2), pp. 001-008, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Exploring the Influence of Diabetes Mellitus on the Serotonergic System in the Development of Cardiomyopathy

Gabriel Manjarrez-Gutiérrez^1,2*, Teresa Neri-Gómez¹, Rocio Herrera-Marquez¹, Alfonso Boyzo-Montes de Oca³, Armando Mansilla-Olivares¹, Jorge Hernández-Rodríguez³

¹Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Cardiology Hospital, National Medical Center (CMN-SXXI), Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico

²Medical Research Unit in Neurological Diseases, Specialties Hospital, CMN-SXXI, IMSS, México, DF, México 3Laboratory of Neurontogeny, Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV) IPN, Mexico City, Mexico.

Accepted 27 November, 2024

Abstract

The main objective of the study was to explore some of the intrinsic serotonergic system changes suffered during the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). The diabetes mellitus model by streptozotocin (STZ) was used with their respective controls. Hearts were obtained at 7, 14 and 21 days after STZ to evaluate: tryptophan-5-hydroxylase (TPH) activity and serotonin (5-HT) concentration measured by high-resolution liquid chromatography. Besides, it was determined the expression of 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2B receptors, as well as the serotonin transporter (SERT) expression by means of Western blot analyses. At day, 7, diabetic rats showed a remarkable decrease of activity and expression of the TPH1 and of the 5-HT concentration (P < 0.001), without any change on TPH2 expression. At day 14 it was also observed a decrease in the expression of SERT and 5-HT2B receptors (P < 0.001), and an increase in 5-HT2A receptors’ expression (P < 0.001). No changes were observed of 5-HT1B expression. These results suggest that the observed alterations may play an important role in the development of the DCM, which is frequently observed in diabetic patients.

Keywords: Diabetes, Cardiomyopathy, Heart, Serotonergic system.
 

International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology ISSN 2326-7291 Vol. 14 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Patterns of Multi-Drug and Pandrug Resistance Among Gram-Negative Species: Insights from a Tehran Teaching Hospital

Zohreh Aminizadeh¹* and Mohtaram Sadat Kashi²

¹Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
²Loghman Hakim Hospital, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Accepted 6 November, 2024

Resistance in specific gram-negative bacteria, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is of great concern, for there are growing numbers of reports of how these microorganisms have become resistant to all available antibacterial agents used in therapy. A descriptive study was conducted in a teaching hospital in Tehran, Iran, in 2008. A Total of 295 clinical gram negative species were isolated at Microbiology Laboratory Hospital from patients’ specimens. Anti-biograms were done on Mueller-Hinton agar plates with disk diffusion method according to Kirby-Bauer method. Among 295 isolated gram-negative, Escherichia coli was the most common organism then followed by K. pneumoniae, Enterobacter, P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, Proteus and Citrobacter. Multi-drug-resistant (MDR) gram negative strains were detected in 162(55%) of isolates. These included E. coli [67(41.35%)], K. pneumoniae [35(21.6%)], P. aeruginosa [27(16.7%)], Enterobacter [19(11.73%)], Acinetobacter [14(8.65%)]. Ten patients were identified to have infection due to pandrug-resistant (PDR) gram-negative bacteria including: P. aeruginosa [3 cases (30%)], A. baumannii [3 cases (30%)], Enterobacter [2 cases (20%)], K. pneumoniae [1 case (10%)], E. coli [1 case (10%)]. Presence of MDR and PDR resistance and reduced susceptibility to third generation cephalosporins, carbapenems and fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is considered a serious clinical problem.

Key words: Multi-drug-resistant, pandrug-resistant, gram-negative bacteria, sensitivity.
 

International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology ISSN 2326-7291 Vol. 14 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evolving Patterns of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prevalence in Arab Communities in Israel: Insights from a Health Survey

Rajech Sharkia1,2*, Muhammad Mahajnah3,4, Ahmad Sheikh-Muhammad5, Mohammad Khatib5 and Abdelnaser Zalan1

¹The Triangle Regional Research and Development Center, Kfar-Qari', Israel
²Beit-Berl Academic College, Beit-Berl 44905, Israel
³Child Neurology and Development Center, Hillel-Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
⁴Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
⁵The Galilee Society-The Arabs National Society for Research and Health Services, Shefa-Amr, Israel

Accepted 05 October, 2022

Abstract

In recent years, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) had become a worrying pandemic disease. Its prevalence was increasing in almost all societies worldwide, particularly in Arab populations. The aim of the current study is to determine the prevalence and trend of T2DM, during two successive periods of time, among Arab population in Israel, in relation to various sociodemographic variables. Data were collected from cross-sectional surveys during two periods (2005 and 2015). Databases were created and statistical analysis was carried out. Our results indicated that the incidence rate of T2DM was increasing significantly from 11.3% to 17.7% (p<0.05) during the periods surveyed, with a progressive increase with age in both genders. The high incidence rate among females in the first period was reversed to males during the second period. We conclude that recent changes in socioeconomic status and lifestyle in our community could be responsible for the increased occurrence of T2DM. Therefore, it is recommended to implement an intervention program for a systemic decrease in this alarming trend.

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Arab in Israel, Prevalence, Lifestyle
 

International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology ISSN 2326-7291 Vol. 14 (1), pp. 001-009, January, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Review 

Investigating Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus: Integrating Clinical Insights and Genetic Factors

Najya A. Attia

King Abdullah International Medical Research Center /King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences/ King Abdulaziz Medical City/Pediatric Department/ Endocrine Unit. Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Email: [email protected], [email protected]
    
Accepted 17 January, 2023

Abstract

Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is monogenic diabetes occurs in the first 6 month of age with an incidence of one in 20,000 to 500,000 newborn. This form of diabetes can be either transient (TNDM) resolves within a few months to relapse mainly at pubertal age or permanent (PNDM) stays for life.Abnormalities in the chromosome 6q24 region is present in approximately 70% of TNDM cases, mutations in the KCNJ11 genes, encoding the Kir6.2 subunit of the pancreatic KATP channel is the main case of PNDM, while mutations in the ABCC8 genes encoding the SUR1 subunit of the pancreatic KATP channel can be present in both TNDM and PNDM. Patients with TNDM usually presented earlier and have lower birth weight than PNDM, but there is a considerable overlapping in clinical features between the two groups necessitate molecular genetic tests for accurate diagnosis which has important therapeutic impacts on patients leading to transfer most of PNDM patients with activating mutations in KCNJ11 and ABCC8 genes, from insulin therapy to oral sulfonylurea. This review about NDM focuses on clinical presentation, genetic etiologies,diagnosis, acute treatment and long-term management. We describe a diagnostic algorithms for assessment of suspected neonatal diabetes to increase the yield of positive tests (Figure 2,3).

Keywords: Neonatal diabetes, Permanent neonatal diabetes, Transient neonatal diabetes, KATP channel mutations, Molecular genetic testing, Sulfonylurea.
 

International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology ISSN 2326-7291 Vol. 14 (1), pp. 001-013, January, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Review

Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Among Middle-Aged Rural Residents of Pakistan: A Systematic Review

Rashid M. Ansari*, Hassan Hosseinzadeh and Nicholas Zwar

School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia

Accepted 13 October, 2022

Abstract

The systematic literature review was carried out to identify and analyse qualitative and quantitative articles published in the last 20 years relevant to the self-management of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this review was to identify and synthesize the contemporary qualitative and quantitative research on the self-management of type 2 diabetes focusing on the factors that play an important role in self-management of diabetes in Pakistan. This systematic review synthesized the knowledge and identified the gap in the literature regarding type 2 diabetes self-management among the middle-aged population of Pakistan. The review has revealed that there is lack of studies in literature on self-management of type 2 diabetes in Pakistan. This review will be useful for health care professionals suggesting that coping with diagnosis and living with diabetes is affected by a complex constellation of factors, including life circumstances, social support, gender roles and economy.

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, evidence-based analysis, socio-ecological approach, semi-structured qualitative interviews, and self-management of type 2 diabetes.