International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology

International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology ISSN 2326-7291 Vol. 13 (9), pp. 001-010, September, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Analyzing the Impact of HPV Vaccination on Anal Cancer Incidence in France

L. Ribassin-Majed1*, R. Lounes1 and S. Clémençon2

1Laboratoire Mathématiques Appliquées à Paris 5 (MAP 5) UMR CNRS 8145, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne
Paris Cité, France.

2LTCI Telecom ParisTech/CNRS No. 5141, Paris, France.

Accepted 8 July, 2024

Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and 18 are found to be involved in 80% of anal cancers. Two vaccines against HPV infections are currently available, and vaccination policies aim to decrease mainly, incidence of cervical cancers. Moreover, an impact of HPV vaccination on the incidence of anal cancer can also be expected. Our aim was to assess the potential benefits of HPV vaccination on the occurrence of female anal cancer in France. We developed a dynamic model for the heterosexual transmission of HPV and its progression to anal cancer in women. The model was calibrated using French data of anal cancer incidence. Considering vaccine coverage observed at the launch of vaccination campaign in France, reductions of 55 and 85% in the incidence of anal cancers due to HPV 16/18 are to be expected in French women 30 and 50 years after vaccine introduction, respectively. In case of a significant decrease in vaccine coverage, a dramatic reduction in the impact of HPV vaccination on female anal cancers would be observed. The number of anal cancer cases in French women is therefore expected to decrease significantly in 30 years, assuming sustained HPV vaccine coverage.

Key words: Dynamic model, human papillomavirus, vaccine, anal cancer.
 

International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology ISSN 2326-7291 Vol. 13 (9), pp. 001-007, September, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Characteristics of Stroke Patients in Jordan: A Developing Country Perspective

AL-Oraibi, Saleh

Physical Therapy Department, Applied Medical Faculty, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

E-mail: [email protected], [email protected].

Accepted 11 April, 2024

The aim of this study was to identify for the first time, the characteristics of stroke patients in Jordan. In this retrospective study, the case records of 1,287 stroke patients admitted to Al-basher Hospital during a three-year period were reviewed. The stroke patient cohort included 60% men and 40% women. The mean age for men was 59.5±9.7 and 58.95±10.7 for women. Three quarters of all stroke patients were diagnosed as having ischemic strokes and 14% were diagnosed as having haemorrhagic. The most common risk factors were high blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease. The present data established important information about stroke characteristics in Jordanian hospitals. There was missing information in patients’ records which made it difficult to calculate important epidemiological data which is necessary to plan for and provide better services for patients. This study has demonstrated the need for further research to explore reasons for inadequacies in services and to identify the best way of fully recording accurate information in developing countries.

Key words: Stroke patients, developing countries, government hospitals, stroke type, risk factors, demographic characteristics.
 

International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology ISSN 2326-7291 Vol. 13 (9), pp. 001-006, September, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Prevalence and Awareness of Female Genital Mutilation in Southeast Nigeria: A Survey

Ibekwe Perpetus C.*, Onoh Robinson C, Onyebuchi Azubike K., Ezeonu Paul O. and Ibekwe Rosemary O.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal Medical Centre, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State.

Accepted 9 April, 2024

Female genital mutilation (FGM) has been recognised as a major reproductive health problem and a dehumanising practice that has resisted change especially in developing countries. The study reviews the current knowledge and practice of FGM in Southeast Nigeria. This is a questionnaire based descriptive study involving women of reproductive age in Abakaliki, South east Nigeria. A semi-structured questionnaire was distributed to 320 women by simple random sampling. Information sought included the socio-demographic characteristics, and personal information on FGM with regards to knowledge and practice. Two hundred and sixty (81.3%) were appropriate for analysis. The mean age of the respondents was 28.6 years ± 5.4 SD. Most had formal education, with tertiary education contributing 60.8%. A high percentage was aware of FGM, and the problem associated with it was 91 and 72%, respectively. Half of the respondents (49.6%) were genitally mutilated while almost the same number (47.7%) affirmed that FGM is still practised today. Eighty – two percent do not support FGM but were not doing anything about it and 36% were not aware of any problem associated with FGM. The prevalence rate of FGM of 50% is high. Though most did not support the practice, nothing has been done to change the practice. Serious advocacy, government support and legislation are needed to curb this serious health problem as significant proportions are still not aware of the problems of FGM.

Key words: Female genital mutilation, prevalence rate, knowledge, practice, Abakaliki, Southeast Nigeria.

International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology ISSN 2326-7291 Vol. 13 (9), pp. 001-010, September, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Impact of Opportunistic Screening on Squamous Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis in Women Over 70: A Study from Trentino, Italy

Teresa Pusiol1*, Doriana Morichetti2 and Maria Grazia Zorzi2

1Section of Cytopathology, Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Rovereto Hospital, Italy.
2Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Rovereto Hospital, Italy.

Accepted 16 March, 2024

The objective of this paper is to assess the value of opportunistic screening in diagnosis of invasive squamous carcinoma found in >70 years old women in Trentino (Italy). From 2007 to 2010, the Cytopathology Section of Institute of Anatomic Pathology of Rovereto Hospital have been examined; 28589 opportunistic pap-smears was performed in all histological specimens with diagnosis of low, high grade intraepithelial lesions and invasive cervical carcinoma. 111 cases (0.38%) of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia-3-squamous cell carcinoma have been identified in 28589 opportunistic pap smears. The cytological diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia-3 was performed in three cases, confirmed by cone biopsy in two patients with presence of HPV-16 and HPV-58. The diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma was performed with pap-smear in three patients; non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed with pap-smear in two cases. An estimated 2,927 new cases of cervical cancer occurred in Italy in 2005. 34.64% of cases has been diagnosed in >65 years old women. Consequently, early diagnosis is necessary to the decrease mortality, morbidity and direct management costs of disease. The present study should be support the screening policy to perform Pap test every 3 years until aged 69 years, independently to sexual activity.

Key words: Invasive cervical carcinoma, opportunistic screening, cancer in elderly women.
 

International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology ISSN 2326-7291 Vol. 13 (9), pp. 001-008, September, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Adolescent Childbearing in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Regional Perspective

Cristina Gomes

Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, FLACSO, Mexico.

E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: 521 5533323162.

Accepted 16 March, 2024

This article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different sources of quantitative data to measure teenage pregnancy in Latin American and the Caribbean countries. Previous studies discuss how low education, poverty, family background, low expectation of the girls about their future promote the increases in adolescent pregnancy observed in Latin American countries in the last decades. This study provides a comparison of descriptive data on socio-economic and demographic characteristics of girls 15 to 19 years old and specific fertility rate for this group in selected countries in the region, using descriptive analysis of data from demographic and health surveys and from censuses, with emphasis on differences in adolescent fertility and pregnancy and other related indicators by education level, ethnic characteristics, work and access to health services. Results highlight these differences among and inside countries. Internal inequalities and disadvantages in education, labor opportunities, access to health services and poverty are related to higher rates of adolescent motherhood. Differences among countries are linked to the structure of opportunities for youth in rural and urban areas. Finally, the study put emphasis in the importance of increasing the coverage of civil and health registration and health services in less developed countries, to integrate information from different sources, and to generate managerial information for local governments to implement policies to improve the access and quality of health services provided and the register of adolescent motherhood, preventing unwanted adolescent pregnancy and fertility, and to offer an adequate care and protection for teenage girls and their children.

Key words: Adolescent, fertility, pregnancy, reproductive health, census, surveys, civil, health registration.

International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology ISSN 2326-7291 Vol. 13 (8), pp. 001-012, August, 2024. https://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ijphe/table-of-contents © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper
    
Exploring the Roles of Dietary Fibers in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Narrative Review
  
Patricia T Osunu¹, *John E. Moyegbone², Ezekiel U Nwose^3,4

¹Department of Public Health, Bayelsa Medical University, Yenegoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. 
²Department of Public Health, Wellspring University, Benin City, Edo State.
³Department of Public and Community Health, Novena University, Ogume, Nigeria.
4School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba,
Australia.

Abstract

Received 11 July, 2024; Accepted 26 July, 2024 and Published 21 August, 2024

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels, and are the leading causes of death globally, taking an estimated 17.9 million lives each year. However, there exist substantial epidemiological evidence indicating a strong relationship between dietary fibre (DF) intake and CVD risk. The review aims to summarize the existing evidence on the relationship between dietary fiber intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Methods: This was a narrative review of more than 75 published publications in Nigeria, sub-Saharan Africa, and the rest of the world using search engines including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Mendeley Reference Library. Results: DF consumption may provide direct protection against CVD as well as lower the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. A recent study linked a higher risk of CVD to the use of ultra-processed foods, which often have low dietary fibre content. Conclusion: This review underline the fact that incorporating dietary fibres into diet is a crucial strategy for reducing the risk and managing the impact of cardiovascular diseases. Regular consumption of high dietary fibre foods, including vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and legumes, is recommended for CVD prevention such as heart failure, atherosclerosis, hypertension etc.

Keywords: Cardiovascular diseases, Dietary fibre, Constipation, Cellulose, GIT Motility.