ISSN 2736-173X
Research Article
African Journal of Malaria and Tropical Diseases ISSN 4123-0981 Vol. 9 (6), pp. 001-007, June, 2021. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antibacterial substance produced by Streptomyces sp. No. 87
Kanlayani Charoensopharat1, Petcharat Thummabenjapone2, Pisan Sirithorn2 and Sompong Thammasirirak1*
1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
2Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
Accepted 7 May, 2021
Abstract
An antimicrobial substance produced by Streptomyces sp. No. 87 was partially purified and studied for its antibacterial characteristics using the swab paper disc technique. The cell-free culture filtrate showed antibacterial activity against several species of pathogens including Gram-positive bacteria, i.e. Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, B. subtilis TISTR 008, B. megaterium, Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus ATCC 25923, and S. epidermidis and Gram-negative bacteria, i.e Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 27736, K. pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi ATCC 5784, Vibrio cholerae and Xanthomonas sp. 60% ammonium sulfate precipitation of the culture supernatant shows markedly antibacterial activity against B. cereus ATCC 11778. Then supernatant was purified by gel filtration chromatography with sephadex G-25 resin. Five peaks namely P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 were obtained. Results indicate that P3 is the only peak possessing the antibacterial activity, therefore, the final purification of P3 was conducted using FPLC with a superdex 30 column. Only one peak, namely P3-1 retained the antibacterial activity. P3-1 showed that its activity was insensitive to proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin, pepsin and proteinase K. In addition, the activity of P3-1 could be observed temperatures of 50 -121oC and no protein or polypeptide band was seen when P3-1 was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. These results suggest that P3-1 might not be proteinacious in nature.
Key words: Antibacterial substance, characterization, purification, Streptomyces.
Pisan Sirithorn and Sompong Thammasirirak*, Kanlayani Charoensopharat, Petcharat Thummabenjapone
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
African Journal of Malaria and Tropical Diseases ISSN 4123-0981 Vol. 9 (5), pp. 001-004, May, 2021. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antibacterial properties of Passiflora foetida L. – a common exotic medicinal plant
C. Mohanasundari1, D. Natarajan2*, K. Srinivasan3, S. Umamaheswari4 and A. Ramachandran5
1Department of Microbiology, Kandaswami Kandar’s College, P. Velur, 638 182, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, South India.
2Department of Botany, Periyar E.V.R. College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli 620 023, Tamil Nadu, South India.
3Department of Biology, Eritrea Institute of Technology, Mai Nefhi, Asmara, North East Africa.
4Department of Eco-Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, South India.
5Forest Utilization Division, Tamil Nadu Forests Department, Chennai 600 006, Tamil Nadu, South India
Accepted 20 April, 2021
Abstract
Passiflora foetida L. (stinking passion flower) is an exotic medicinal vine. The antibacterial properties of leaf and fruit (ethanol and acetone) extracts were screened against four human pathogenic bacteria i.e. Pseudomonas putida, Vibrio cholerae, Shigella flexneri and Streptococcus pyogenes by well-in agar method. The results showed the leaf extract having remarkable activity against all bacterial pathogens compared to fruits. This study supports, the traditional medicines (herbal extracts) to cure many diseases like diarrhea, intestinal tract, throat, ear infections, fever and skin diseases.
Key words: Passiflora foetida, antibacterial activity, ethanol and acetone extracts, human pathogenic bacteria.
K. Srinivasan, C. Mohanasundari, D. Natarajan*, S. Umamaheswari and A. Ramachandran
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
African Journal of Malaria and Tropical Diseases ISSN 4123-0981 Vol. 9 (4), pp. 001-005, April, 2021. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Evaluation of antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of oils and nuts of Semicarpus anacardium L.f
T. K. Mohanta1, J. K. Patra1, S. K. Rath1, D. K. Pal2 and H. N. Thatoi1*
1Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, North Orissa University, Baripada-757003, Orissa, India.
2Seemanta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jharpokharia-757086, Orissa, India.
Accepted 5 March, 2021
Abstract
Semicarpus anacardium L.f. is a medicinal plant that belongs to the family of Anacardiaceae and is used by tribals of Similpal Biosphere Reserve, Orissa, India for various ailments. Aqueous and organic solvent extracts of the plant were screened for antimicrobial (disc diffusion method) and phytochemical properties. The petroleum ether (PEE) and aqueous extract fractions (AQE) showed inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus (10 mm) and Shigella flexneri (16 mm) at 100 mg/ml, respectively. While chloroform extract showed inhibition against Bacillus licheniformis, Vibiro cholerae and Pseudomonas. aeruginosa. The ethanol extract showed inhibition to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and S. aureus. The oils extracted from nuts did not exhibit any antimicrobial activity. Alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, anthraquinone and volatile oils were detected in nuts aqueous extracts with only triperpenoid in PEE and steroid in both PEE and chloroform extracts. The phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannin and anthroquinone were present in oils extracted from nuts. The antibacterial activity of the nut extracts of Semicarpus anacardium is due to AQE and PEE-extractable compounds. However, the active component (s) responsible for the antibacterial activity can be isolated.
Key words: Semicarpus anacardium, Anacardiaceae, Phytochemicals, Antibacterial activity.
J. K. Patra, S. K. Rath, D. K. Pal and H. N. Thatoi*, T. K. Mohanta
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
African Journal of Malaria and Tropical Diseases ISSN 4123-0981 Vol. 8 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Different apoptotic responses to PLASMODIUM CHABAUDI malaria in spleen and liver
Saad Alkahtani
Department of Biology, Teachers College, King Saud University, Riyadh, P. O. Box 271942, Riyadh 11352, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 17 February, 2020
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine whether the apoptotic responses to PLASMODIUM CHABAUDI malaria in spleen and liver via mRNA expression of three genes involved in apoptosis (Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3) are similar or not and to detect if these genes could be a good marker for apoptosis due to infection with P. CHABAUDI of female C57BL/6 mice. Mice were injected intraperitoneally (ip) with 106 P. CHABAUDI-infected erythrocytes and then scarified at days (0, 1, 4 and 8, respectively). Quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to quantify apoptotic genes. The levels of Bax and caspase-3 were significantly increased only at days 1 and 8 in the liver cells and at day 8 in the spleen when compared with day 0. The level of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) was significantly increased at all three days after infection in the liver cells, but significantly decreased at all three days after infection in the spleen. In conclusion, present data has shown that infection with P. CHABAUDI stimulated apoptotic genes in the liver and spleen cells in different ways. Based on the obtained data, it can be hypothesized that the out come of malaria triggered different apoptotic pathways in the liver and spleen. Also, these apoptotic genes can be used as a reliable apoptosis detection method.
Key word: Apoptosis, malaria, mice, liver, spleen.
Saad Alkahtani
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
African Journal of Malaria and Tropical Diseases ISSN 4123-0981 Vol. 8 (4), pp. 001-004, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Evaluation of antiplasmodial activity of Berlina grandiflora leaf extract against Plasmodium berghei in mice
Akuodor G. C.1*, Anyalewechi N. A.1, Ikoro N. C.2, Akpan J. L.3, Megwas U. A.4, Iwuanyanwu T. C.1 and Osunkwo U. A.1
1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD) Idu, P. M. B. 21, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria.
2Department of Optometry and Optical Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.
3Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
4Department of Optometry, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria.
Accepted 15 January, 2020
Abstract
The in vivo antiplasmodial activity of methanol leaf extract of Berlina grandiflora was investigated in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Four day suppressive and curative effect against established infection models of antiplasmodial studies was used. The extract (100 to 400 mg/kg, p.o.) exhibited significant (p < 0.05) antiplasmodial activity in early and established infection tests with a considerable mean survival time comparable to that of chloroquine, 10 mg/kg. The leaf extract showed a significant (p < 0.05) activity against the parasite in the suppressive and curative tests. The finding supports the traditional use of the plant for the treatment of malaria.
Key words: Berlina grandiflora, medicinal plant, antimalarial activity, Plasmodium berghei.
Akuodor G. C.*, Megwas U. A, Iwuanyanwu T. C. and Osunkwo U. A., Ikoro N. C., Akpan J. L., Anyalewechi N. A.
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
African Journal of Malaria and Tropical Diseases ISSN 4123-0981 Vol. 8 (3), pp. 001-009, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Haematological changes and recovery associated with treated and untreated Plasmodium falciparum infection in children in the Mount Cameroon Region
Sumbele Irene Ule Ngole1*, Nkuo-Akenji Theresa2, Samje Moses2, Ndzeize Thomas2 Ngwa Elsy Manka2 and Titanji V. P. K.2
1Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Buea Cameroon.
2Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P. O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon.
Accepted 07 October, 2019
Abstract
Pre-hospital antimalarial treatment of febrile children remains a significant common practice among individuals in the Mount Cameroon region. To evaluate the effect of routinely administered monotherapy sulphadoxine pyrimethamine (SP), treatment using amodiaquine artesunate (AQAS) combination therapy and untreated malaria on haematological and parasitological parameters, 332 malaria positive subjects were assigned to three groups comprising 138 children treated with AQAS, 43 treated with SP and 151 untreated. The changes and recovery in red cell indices, white blood cell and differential and platelets counts were compared. The highest haematological recovery (39.1%) occurred in the AQAS treatment group. The majority (94%) of the untreated cases never achieved haematological recovery even though there was spontaneous clearance of parasites in some cases. Haematological insult was greatest in untreated children followed by those treated with SP, the 1.1 - 3 year age group whether or not they received treatment and in those with high parasitaemia. Delayed parasite clearance observed in the untreated and SP treatment group may be responsible for the occurrence of haematological insult. Treatment type and parasitological cure was associated with haematological recovery. Prompt use of effective arthemisinin combination therapy reduced the burden of malaria, hence the greater clinical and haematological benefits observed in our study.
Key words: Malaria, children, anaemia, haemoglobin, treatment, haematological recovery.
Ndzeize Thomas Ngwa Elsy Manka and Titanji V. P. K, Sumbele Irene Ule Ngole*, Nkuo-Akenji Theresa, Samje Moses
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