ISSN 2736-173X
Research Article
African Journal of Malaria and Tropical Diseases ISSN 4123-0981 Vol. 2 (9), pp. 078-081, October, 2014. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of the effect of acute falciparum malaria on plasma levels in Nigeria children
*1Adebayo O. G., 2Irousi T., 2Uwvie A. M., 3Udodo S. J. and 4Brouder M. Sanusi
1Department of Chemical pathology, 2Department of Haematlogy, 3Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology and 4Department of General Medical Practice, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 15 September, 2014
Abstract
This study was undertaken to establish data on the effect of acute falciparum malaria on plasma levels some biochemical parameters in the pathology of malaria in Nigeria children. We estimated the levels of Na+ , K+, HCO3, Ca++ , inorganic PO4=, bilirubin, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine and glucose in the plasma of 250 parasitaemic and 150 non-parasitaemic Nigerian children. Inorganic PO4=, urea, creatinine and bilirubin levels were significantly elevated in the acute falciparum malarious children than in the non-parasitaemic controls. Acute falciparum malaria resulted in significant reduction of HCO3-, total protein, albumin and glucose levels in the malarious children. There was no significant difference in the mean values of the biochemical parameters between malarious children with relative parasite count of 1-10 asexual form of parasite in 100 high power field (hpf) of thick blood film (+) and those with 11-100 asexual form of parasite in 100 hpf of thick blood film(++) .
Key words: Biochemical parameters, Nigerian children, acute falciparum malaria.
Udodo S. J. and Brouder M. Sanusi, Irousi T., Uwvie A. M., *Adebayo O. G.
Page: 78 - 81
Research Article
African Journal of Malaria and Tropical Diseases ISSN 4123-0981 Vol. 2 (3), pp. 042-045, March, 2014. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
An evaluation of the prevalence and barriers to use of insecticide treated nets among pregnant women in Sokoto, Nigeria
*Idiah V. Elizabelt, Okoji R. Ngozi and Akintola C. Bimbo
Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 15 February, 2014
Abstract
Malaria is endemic and a major public health problem in Nigeria. In most malaria endemic areas, pregnant women are the main adult group at risk for the severe form of the disease. In the absence of effective vaccine for malaria prevention and development of unacceptable levels of resistance to one drug after another by the malaria parasite, prevention of mosquitoes bite through use of insecticide treated nets (ITNs) remains a very important strategy for malaria control. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and barriers to use of insecticide treated nets among pregnant women in Sokoto. This was a cross sectional descriptive study among 185 randomly selected pregnant women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) at Specialist Hospital Sokoto, in October, 2010. Data collection was done using a set of pretested, semi-structured questionnaires; descriptive statistics was used for analysis. Among the 179 (96.8%) respondents that were aware of ITNs out of the 185 participants, 154 (86.0%) had accurate knowledge of ITNs, 50 (27.6%) use ITNs (but this constitutes 74.6% of the 67 respondents that own an ITN). One hundred and eleven (84.7%) of the 131 respondents who did not sleep under an ITN the night before the survey, gave lack of ITNs as reason for not sleeping under the net. Utilization of ITNs was low despite high knowledge of the commodity among the respondents. Lack of ownership was the major barrier to its utilization. Educational level was statistically significantly associated with ownership and use of ITNs (p < 0.001). Women empowerment (through education and employment) and monitoring of ITNs distribution by the relevant government agencies were suggested as important interventions in improving availability, affordability and use of ITNs.
Key words: Insecticide treated nets, prevalence, barriers, pregnancy.
*Idiah V. Elizabelt, Okoji R. Ngozi and Akintola C. Bimbo
Page: 42 - 45
Research Article
African Journal of Malaria and Tropical Diseases ISSN 4123-0981 Vol. 2 (11), pp. 086-091, November, 2014. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of environmental and socio-economic factors of malaria risk in Koton Karfe, Kogi, Kogi State, Nigeria
*1Olusegun N. Musa, Atiku I. Mohammed2 and Abubakar P. Emeka3
1Department of Geography and Planning, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
2Department of Geography, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
3Department of Biological Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 13 October, 2014
Abstract
This study adopts ground survey and questionnaire administration to determine environmental and socio-economic factors contributing to malaria risk in Koton Karfe watershed catchment. A health facility-based survey is carried out to assess tbe ratio of population to health facility. The study reveals that poverty is the overriding risk factor determining the high malaria incidence rate which ranges from 40/1000 per annum to 288/1000 per annum across watershed catchment and prevelant among infants and school age children. The nearest neighbour index of 1.48 suggests the randomness in the spatial distribution of health facilities. The increase in the burden of malaria on the populace may deter the attainment of the millennium development goals (MDGs) if urgent measures to control it by the govern-ment and private/donor agencies are not initiated.
Key word: Malaria, incidence rates, burden, watershed ecology, catchment.
*Olusegun N. Musa, Atiku I. Mohammed and Abubakar P. Emeka
Page: 86 - 91
Research Article
African Journal of Malaria and Tropical Diseases ISSN 4123-0981 Vol. 2 (5), pp. 052-057, May, 2014. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
An assessment of the efficacy of Euphorbia tirucalli latex as a herbal mosquito remedy and larvicide against Anopheles fenestus Giles and Anopheles gambae Giles in a semi-natural environment
*1Kony Patel Mugabi, Fabian Van Bertrand2 and Obote Sudhir Buganda1
1Faculty of Agriculture, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
2Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Tropical and subtropical laboratory of Agronomy and Ethnobotany, University of Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 17 April, 2013
Abstract
Malaria is the most important vector-borne disease in tropical and sub-tropical countries. Although, different control measures like use of insecticide-impregnated mosquito nets and curtains, chemotherapy and others are in place, so far, malaria eradication has proved impossible in affected areas. Therefore, any measure that attempts to fight the parasite or its vector (Anopheles spp.) would be of help. In this experiment, we assessed the efficacy of Euphorbia tirucalli latex both as a herbal mosquito remedy and larvicide against Anopheles fenestus Giles and Anopheles gambae Giles in a semi-natural environment. Our results indicate that E. tirucalli latex can bring about total mortality of Anopheles species larvae at the highest dilution used of 1: 250 in 5 days. LT 50 and LT 90 for the same dilution were attained at 12 and 36 h respectively. Latex was active only for eight days which is typical for herbal biocides, whose advantage is that they do not accumulate in the environment. It is concluded that E. tirucalli latex has a high efficacy against Anopheles mosquito larvae and could eventually be considered for adoption as a plant based mosquito larvicide, after further research.
Key words: Euphorbia tirucalli, Anopheles spp., latex, larvicide, malaria, efficacy.
*Kony Patel Mugabi, Fabian Van Bertrand and Obote Sudhir Buganda
Page: 52 - 57
Research Article
African Journal of Malaria and Tropical Diseases ISSN 4123-0981 Vol. 2 (6), pp. 058-062, June, 2014. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
An evaluation of the anti-plasmodial activity of ethanolic leaf extract of P. thonningii on Plasmodium berghei berghei infection in mice
*1Ayorinde A. Kehinde, John A. Irusi1, Oluwasajo A. dabiri2 and Akinyemi Y. Daniel2
1Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
2Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author. E -mail: [email protected]
Accepted 14 May, 2014
Abstract
Piliostigma thonningii Schum. (Caesalpiniacea) is used traditionally in the management of fever, cough, wounds and various ulceration. Oral acute toxicity of the ethanolic leaf extract of Piliostigma thorningii was evaluated in mice using modified Lorke’s method. The ethanolic leaf extract was evaluated for in vivo anti plasmodial activity against chloroquine sensitive strain of Plasmodium berghei berghei NK65 in mice. Four day suppressive, curative effect against established infection and prophylactic models of anti plasmodial studies were carried out. The oral median lethal dose was determined to be 3807.89 mg/kg body weight. The extract (100,200 and 400 mg/kg) exerted dose dependent chemo suppressive effects at the different levels of the infections tested. However the anti-plasmodial effect of chloroquine at 5 mg/kg body weight was higher than the extract in all the test models. This shows that the plant has anti plasmodial property that can be explored for the management of malaria.
Key words: Piliostigma thonningii, anti plasmodial, Plasmodium berghei berghei NK65.
*Ayorinde A. Kehinde, Oluwasajo A. dabiri and Akinyemi Y. Daniel, John A. Irusi
Page: 58 - 62
Research Article
African Journal of Malaria and Tropical Diseases ISSN 4123-0981 Vol. 2 (1), pp. 030-036, January, 2014. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of the perception and attitude of people about malaria prevention in Ndu community of Cameroon
*1Toguo Alex Enow, Yazid Abanda Kome2, Beni Wes Eriq3, Etone Serge Patrick4, Alphonse Afana Ernest5 and Petit Peter Benoit5
1Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Medicine Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.
2Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon. 3Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.
4 School of Child and adolescent Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
5Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.
*Corresponding Author. E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 9 December, 2013
Abstract
More than 90% of deaths due to malaria occur in Sub-Saharan Africa where it kills a child below five years every 30seconds. In Cameroon, malaria accounts for 40-45% of medical consultations, 57% of hospitalization days and 40% of mortality among children below 5 years. The objective of this study was to understand how people recognize malaria, its cause, prevention and modifiable risky behaviours that are important in planning approaches for its control. Questionnaire was administered to inhabitants of Ndu in a cross-sectional study. The respondent’s consent was sought and those who could not read, write or understand English language were communicated to in the local ‘Limbum’ dialect. Data was analysed using SPSS. Majority (97.6%) [95% confidence interval (CI): 95.7-99.5%] of the 253 respondents knew at least a symptom of malaria. The commonest symptom mentioned was headache (15%). Seventy (27.7%) participants knew the cause of malaria to be mosquito bites. Incorrect causes of malaria cited included bad whether (9.5%), curse from an elder (7.1%), witchcraft (3.5%), bad food (9.0%), unclean water (5.9%) and drinking alcoholics (2.4%). 153(60.5%) [95% CI:54.5-66.5%]respondents practiced a correct malaria preventive measure. Prominent correct preventive measures stated included environmental sanitation (21.3%), aerosol insecticides (10.3%), mosquito coil (7.9%), chemoprophylaxis (5.9%), mosquito net (1.2%) and traditional medicines (13.8%).Incorrect malaria preventive methods included avoiding the early morning hot sunrays (9.5%). Malaria prevention was related to the educational status of the participants (p=0.04). Proper health education messages on malaria determinants are required to improve upon the understanding of the disease.
Keywords: Malaria, knowledge, practices, cause, signs and symptoms, prevention, Cameroon.
Yazid Abanda Kome, Alphonse Afana Ernest and Petit Peter Benoit, Etone Serge Patrick, *Toguo Alex Enow, Beni Wes Eriq
Page: 30 - 36