ISSN 2736-173X
Research Article
African Journal of Malaria and Tropical Diseases ISSN 4123-0981 Vol. 6 (7), pp. 417-420, July, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research paper
A study of the distribution of cerebral malaria in Sudanese population
Mohammed S. Zaroog1, Ahmed EL Tahir2,3*, Adil Mergani3, ELfatih Hashim4, Mohamed Gumma5, Bella Awadelseed4, Ali Babkier Haboor3 and Nase ELdin M. A. Elwali3
1Department of Biochemistry, Applied Medical Science, University of Gezira, Sudan.
2,3Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
3Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Biology and Oncology, University of Gezira, Sudan
4Faculty of Medicine, University of Sinnar, Sudan
5Singa Hospital, Ministry of Health, Sudan.
*Corresponding author Email: [email protected]. Fax: 00966-1-2889999 ext 8045 Phone: 00966556311460
Accepted 11 October, 2017
Abstract
The study was carried out to investigate the distribution of cerebral malaria in central region and to identify ICAM-1 alleles and genotypes frequency in Sudanese population in the region. Fifty children with cerebral malaria and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls with no history of cerebral malaria were enrolled in the study. The highest incidencts of cerebral malaria were found between the ages of 4–8 years. From 10 different tribal stocks, 28% of incidents belongs to the Johayna tribe in the western region of central Sudan. The incidence of cerebral malaria in this study is influenced by geographical, age, and ethnic factors with no gender variation. From this study four (8%) of study subjects died, 4 (8%) survived with neurological sequelae and 42 (84%) were discharged alive and healthy after treatment regimen. The use of allele specific PCR (ASP) for genetic analysis in this study, indicated incidence of the heterozygous form (K29/M29) is 26% in cerebral malaria patients and 12% in the control group, while only one (2%) mutant homozygous (M29/M29) was detected in cerebral malaria patients group. All subjects who carried mutant allele (heterozygous and homozygous mutant) had 3 times susceptibility to cerebral malaria than the other group, (P-value= 0.038, Odd Ratio = 2.5; 95% CI 1.011 - 6.181). The incidence of ICAM-1kilifi allele frequency in the study group was 11%, and this may increase the risk for susceptibility to cerebral malaria in Sudanese children inhabiting in these regions.
Key words: ICAM-1; cerebral malaria; children; central Sudan.
Mohammed S. Zaroog, Bella Awadelseed, ELfatih Hashim, Mohamed Gumma, Ali Babkier Haboor and Nase ELdin M. A. Elwali, Adil Mergani, Ahmed EL Tahir*
Page: 417 - 420
Research Article
African Journal of Malaria and Tropical Diseases ISSN 4123-0981 Vol. 6 (10), pp. 440-443, October, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Early detection as a veritable step in preventing the consequences of malaria infection in pregnancy
Tayo Adetokunbo O.1*, Akinola O. I.1, Shittu L. A. J.2, Ottun T. A.1, Bankole M. A.3, Akinola R. A.4, Shittu R. K.5 and Okunribido A. I.1
1Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology, Lagos State University College of Medicine/ Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
2Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
3Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria.
4Department of Radiology, Lagos State University College of Medicine/Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
5Medical Microbiology Unit, Bolomedics Laboratories, Egbeda, Lagos, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 04 September, 2017
Abstract
We studied 270 patients attending the booking antenatal clinic recruited for three months in the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Nigeria. Each patient was screened for malaria parasites using Giemsa’s stain of thick and thin blood films on 2 ml venous blood. Parameters on the age, parity, gestation at booking, booking weight, haemoglobin status among others were obtained. Most of the booked patients are primigravida (55%) with 58.4% of the cases between 14 - 26 weeks gestation. 48 and 65% of patients were of blood group O positive and genotype AA. The prevalence rate for malarial parasitaemia was 34% and mostly Plasmodium falciparum were isolated. However, a negative correlation exist between malaria parasitaemia and age of patient (r = - 0.02), parity (r = - 0.02) and gestation at booking (r = -0.08). Malarial parasite load was high especially in primigravida and in second trimester of pregnancies. Since most of the fetal losses associated with malarial parasitaemia in pregnancies occurred during this period, greater attention be paid to this vulnerable group.
Key words: Booking weight, gestational age, LASUTH, malarial parasite, parity.
Akinola O. I., Tayo Adetokunbo O.*, Ottun T. A., Shittu L. A. J., Bankole M. A., Akinola R. A., Shittu R. K. and Okunribido A. I.
Page: 440 - 443
Research Article
African Journal of Malaria and Tropical Diseases ISSN 4123-0981 Vol. 6 (10), pp. 457-462, October, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of the prevalence of malaria and typhoid fever co-infection in Abakaliki Nigeria
A. C. Nwuzo1, R. A. Onyeagba2, I. R. Iroha1*, O. Nworie1 and A. E. Oji1
1Department of Applied Microbiology, Ebonyi State University P.M.B 053 Abakaliki Nigeria.
2Department of Microbiology, Abia State University P. M. B. 2000, Uturu Okigwe Abia State Nigeria.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 25 January, 2017
Abstract
A total of 250 blood samples were collected from febrile patients with clinical symptoms of malaria and typhoid fever. They were examined for malaria parasite and typhoid fever using parasitological examination, bacteriological and cultural techniques respectively. The result showed that 33 (13.2%) samples were positive for malaria parasite, 53 (21.2%) were positive for typhoid fever by the widal test and 2 (0.8%) were positive by culture method. Fourteen patients (5.6%) had malaria and typhoid fever co-infection which was significantly high when diagnosed by widal test than by cultural method (0.8%). The statistical analysis showed no significant relationship with patient’s age, sex and spatial distribution but significant relationship was observed with patient’s occupation.
Keywords: Prevalence, Plasmodium falciparum, Salmonella typhi, parasitological, bacteriological, culture.
O. Nworie and A. E. Oji, I. R. Iroha*, R. A. Onyeagba, A. C. Nwuzo
Page: 457 - 462
Research Article
African Journal of Malaria and Tropical Diseases ISSN 4123-0981 Vol. 6 (10), pp. 450-456, October, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of different extracts of plant species screened for anti-plasmodial activity as well as toxicity
Sandra van Dyk1*, Sharon Griffiths1, Robyn L. van Zyl2 and Sarel F. Malan1
1Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
2Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, South Africa.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].Tel.:+27-018-299-2267. Fax: +27-18-299-4243.
Accepted 04 February, 2017
Abstract
Identifying plant extracts as sources of antimalarial compounds needs to be addressed as numerous studies screen extracts without the means of eliminating extracts that are merely cytotoxic. Fifty-nine organic solvent extracts from South African plants were screened for antiplasmodial activity using the [3H]-hypoxanthine incorporation assay against the chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Variable antiplasmodial activity and toxicity was observed. Extracts form Combretum erythrophyllum and Crinum bulbispermum, had IC50 values ≤ 1 mg/ml with the ethyl acetate extracts of C. bulbispermum roots and bulbs having values comparable to chloroquine (0.04 mg/ml). Nine extracts had toxicity indexes ≥ 100. Lycorine, isolated from C. bulbispermum was as active as chloroquine (IC50 of 0.03 mg/ml) and had a favourable security index.
Key words: Antiplasmodial, Combretum erythrophyllum, Crinum bulbispermum, Maytenus heterophylla, Pavetta gardeniifolia, lycorine.
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African Journal of Malaria and Tropical Diseases ISSN 4123-0981 Vol. 6 (10), pp. 450-456, October, 2018. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals |
Sharon Griffiths, Robyn L. van Zyl and Sarel F. Malan, Sandra van Dyk*
Page: 450 - 456
Research Article
African Journal of Malaria and Tropical Diseases ISSN 4123-0981 Vol. 6 (5), pp. 404-409, May, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A cross-sectional study of malaria prevalence in Western Cameroon
Jean Atangana1,2*, Etienne Fondjo1, Abraham Fomena3, Joseph Lebel Tamesse4, Salomon Patchoké1, Hamadou N. M. Ndjemaï 1,3 and Prosper A. Bessong Ndong1
1National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Public Health, Cameroon P.O. Box 14386, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
2Laboratory of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
3Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
4Laboratory of Zoology, Ecole Normale Supérieure, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 614, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: (237) 2222 39 17. Fax: (237) 22 22 39 57.
Accepted 10 February, 2017
Abstract
A cross-sectional study on malaria transmission was carried out in Mangoum, a village situated in the western highland region of Cameroon in October 2005 and May 2006, to assess malaria parasite prevalence in a cohort of children and vectors biting habits and entomological inoculation rate. Mosquitoes were collected by landing catches on volunteers. Members of the Anopheles gambiae complex and molecular forms were identified using Polymerase Chain Reaction method. Infection intensity was determined by counting the number of infected red blood cells against 200 leucocytes. A total of 1195 Anopheles were collected, 183 and 1012 respectively in the dry and rainy seasons. Two Anopheles species were identified: A. gambiae s.l. and Anopheles funestus. A. gambiae s.s. was the only member of the A. gambiae complex found and the main malaria vector in this region. The sporozoïte rate of A. gambiae was higher in the rainy season (9%). The average inoculation rate was 90 infective bites per man per year. A total of 699 children were examined. Two parasites species were identified: Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium malariae. The mean parasite rate was 41. 3%. In the age range of 2 - 9 years, the parasite rates were 49% in the dry season and 34.7% in the rainy season. The mean spleen rate of the age range 2 - 9 years varies from 26. 7% in rainy season to 22. 3% in the dry season, and was not significantly different (p = 0, 3). The Western highlands region can be considered as an area of high malaria transmission intensity.
Key words: Malaria, transmission, Anopheles vectors, biting habits, sporozoite rate, parasites species, western Cameroon highlands.
Salomon Patchoké, Etienne Fondjo, Hamadou N. M. Ndjemaï and Prosper A. Bessong Ndong, Jean Atangana*, Abraham Fomena, Joseph Lebel Tamesse
Page: 404 - 409
Research Article
African Journal of Malaria and Tropical Diseases ISSN 4123-0981 Vol. 6 (3), pp. 394-398, March, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Evaluation of the effect of riboflavin supplementation in malaria patients
B. O. George* and O. Ojegbemi
Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 26 May, 2017
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of riboflavin supplementation in malaria patients. Fifteen patients (GpA) were given chloroquine tablets (25 mg/kg-body weight for three days, while 15 others (GpB) were given riboflavin tablets (300 mg per day for five days in addition to chloroquine). Twenty healthy individuals who were not given any drug served as control. Packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) levels in the patients were significantly lower (p< 0.05) while their serum lipid hydroperoxide (LHP) levels were significantly higher compared to the control subjects during the study period. Five days after commencement of treatment the PCV and Hb levels increased significantly by 4 and 6%, respectively, in GpA compared to14 and 13% in GpB. The LHP level reduced by 9% in GpA compared to 31% in the supplemented group. The negative correlation observed between PCV and LHP (r= -0.648, p<0.05, n=30) and also between Hb and LHP (r=-0.825, p<0.05, n=30), suggests anaemia due to destruction of erythrocytes. The results show that there is oxidative stress in malaria infection and that chloroquine supplementation with riboflavin could reduce lipid peroxidation of erythrocytes and improve the outcome of malaria.
Key words: Malaria, chloroquine, riboflavin, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, lipid hydroperoxide.
B. O. George*, O. Ojegbemi
Page: 394 - 398