Frontiers of Agriculture and Food Technology

Frontiers of Agriculture and Food Technology ISSN: 2736-1624 Vol. 15 (2), pp. 001-008, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full length Research Paper

Thermo-alkali Stable Catalase from Bacillus sp.: Purification and Biochemical Characterization

Asmaa Ali Hussein

Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Al-Nahrain, Baghdad, Iraq. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted December 14, 2024

Thermo-alkali stable catalases are promising enzymes in biotechnological applications as H2O2-detoxifying systems. Catalase has been purified and characterized in this study from BACILLUS sp. The purification was performed with a three step procedure consisting of ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE- cellulose and gel filtration chromatography on Sephacryl-S-300 and finally achieved a 16.6-fold-purifying over the crude extract with 50% overall yield. The purified catalase evidenced an estimated molecular weight of 65 kD. The enzyme also exhibited a broad optimal pH (6.0-10.0), and remained stable (100%) in alkaline pH (8.0-10.0),also it was most active at 70°C and stable within a range of 50-80°C. 2- mercaptoethanol, sodium azide, and potassium cyanide are known protein inhibitors, inhibited catalase activity by 70, 50 and 35% respectively.

Keywords: Purification, characterization, thermo-alkali stable, catalase, bacillus sp.
 

Frontiers of Agriculture and Food Technology ISSN: 2736-1624 Vol. 15 (2), pp. 001-016, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Review
 

Effective Sewage Management: A Crucial Component of Urban Planning and Environmental Sustainability

1*Ibiam O. F. A and 2Igewnyi I.

1Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki.
2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki.

*Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted December 13, 2024

Sewage is water-carried wastes, in either solution or suspension that flow away from a community. It is also known as waste water flows or used water supply of the community. Sewage management deals with various ways sewage could be treated to the advantage of man. The processes involve collection of the sewage, treating, screening and disposing them in a way that it will not pose any hazards to man environmentally or health wise. Treatment could be primary, secondary or tertiary. In primary treatment, sewage flows through large tanks, commonly called “primary clarifiers” or “primary sedimentation tanks”. The tanks are large enough that sludge can settle and floating material such as grease and oils can rise to the surface and be skimmed off. The main purpose of the primary treatment is to produce both a generally homogeneous liquid capable of being treated biologically and a sludge that can be separately treated or processed. Secondary treatment is designed to substantially degrade the biological content of the sewage such as are derived from human waste, food waste, soaps and detergent. The purpose of tertiary treatment is to provide a final treatment stage to raise the effluent quality before it is discharged to the receiving environment (sea, river, lake, ground, etc.). Screening involves straining to remove all large objects carried in the sewage stream, such as rags, sticks, tampons, cans, fruit, etc. This is most commonly done with an automated mechanically raked bar screen in modern plants serving large populations, whilst in smaller or less modern plants manually cleaned screen may be used. Details of other sewage management processes and benefits of this management are discussed in this paper

Keywords: Sewage, 1anagement, benefits, man.

Frontiers of Agriculture and Food Technology ISSN: 2736-1624 Vol. 15 (1), pp. 001-008, January, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Genetic Characterization of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Using SSR Markers

Warid Ali Qosim1*, Sujin Patarapuwadol2 and Kazuo N. Watanabe3*

1)    Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Padjadjaran, Indonesia

2)    Center for Agriculture Biotechnology, Kasetsart University, Thailand

3)    Gene Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Japan.

Accepted 19 November, 2024

Assessment and utilization of diversity in plant genetic resources is very important to improve of plant species. A mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) seed was formed obligate apomicts process. Genetic diversity of mangosteen was developed by using SSR markers. An inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR)-suppression - PCR technique established to SSR marker of plant spesies. DNA library construction was used restriction enzyme blunt end Rsa I and adaptor (consist of 48-mer: 5’-GTAATACGACTCACTATAGG GCACGCGTGGTCGACGGCCCGGGCTGGT-3’ and 8-mer with the 3-end capped by an amino residue: 5’-ACCAGCCC-NH2-3). Primer designed by using compound SSR (AC)10; (TC)6(AC)5 or (AC)6(AG)5 and an adaptor primer AP2 and nested PCR using AP1 primers. The PCR product integrated into the plasmid PGEMT Easy Vector System and competence cell Escherichia coli (strain DH5α) and sequence. Eight sequence from sample #G17 with SSR compound (AC)10, (TC)6(AG)5 and (AC)6(AG)5 produced two primer pairs. The primer pairs from sequence positive clone 4 of SSR compound (TC)6(AC)5 were forward primer: 5’-GGCCGTT AAAGTAGCTCAAGAA-3’ and reverse primer:5’-CCGCATAGCATCAGTATCTG TC-3’, while primer pairs from sequence positive clone 10 of SSR compound (AC)6(AG)5 were forward primer: 5’-GTGTTTCCATTTGTTACGCGCT-3’ and reverse primer: 5’TAATGCCGTTGGGCAGTGA-3’.

Keywords: Garcinia mangostana, SSR compound. SSR primer
 

Frontiers of Agriculture and Food Technology ISSN: 2736-1624 Vol. 15 (1), pp. 001-011, January, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Characterization of Genetic Diversity in Turkish Eggplant Germplasm Using Morphological and Molecular Markers

Y. Tümbilen1, A. Frary1, S. Mutlu2, S. Doğanlar1*

1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey

2Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, Menemen, Izmir 35660, Turkey

Accepted 21 January, 2025

In Turkey, local varieties of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) occur in several types (including round, semi-long and long) and are a staple ingredient of the cuisine. Although Turkish eggplant varieties are morphologically distinct, little is known about their molecular genetic variation. In this study, the genetic variability of 67 Turkish eggplant accessions from the national germplasm collection was assessed with 30 morphological traits and AFLP markers. Morphological analysis indicated considerable variability especially for semi-long and round types. For molecular characterization, accessions of S. macrocarpon, S. aethiopicum and S. linnaeanum were included as outgroups. Ten primer combinations were used and yielded 488 polymorphic fragments with PIC values ranging from 0.03 to 0.50. Of the polymorphic fragments, 144 (29%) were specific to S. melongena accessions while 73, 49 and 16 fragments were specific to S. macrocarpon, S. aethiopicum and S. linnaeanum, respectively. UPGMA cluster analysis of the AFLP data resulted in a dendrogram which had a very high correlation (r=0.97) with the similarity matrix data. Genetic similarity in the dendrogram ranged from 0.30 to 0.95 with the related Solanum species located outside the S. melongena clusters, as expected. Genetic similarity of the S. melongena accessions ranged from 0.68 to 0.95 indicating good genetic diversity present in the Turkish national collection. It is hoped that this information, together with morphological data will help guide future germplasm collection and eggplant breeding efforts.

Keywords: AFLP, Genetic diversity, Germplasm, Genetic resources
 

Frontiers of Agriculture and Food Technology ISSN: 2736-1624 Vol. 15 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Calmodulin Gene Expression in Sarotherodon melanotheron: A Salinity-Dependent Study in Drainage Basins

*Mbaye Tine1, Heiner Kuhl1

1Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 63-73, D-14195 Berlin, Germany

Accepted 19 January, 2025

Calmodulin (CaM) is an ubiquitous Ca2+ binding protein that plays an important role in signalling events mediating the hormone secretion such as pituitary hormones. Previous laboratory experiments have demonstrated that this gene is relatively over expressed in gill tissues of Sarotherodon melanotheron acclimated to freshwater. In this study, the relationship between mRNA levels of the CaM in the gills and environmental salinity was investigated in wild populations of this species sampled during both the rainy and the dry season from six coastal, estuarine and freshwater sites in Senegal and Gambia. In both seasons the highest CaM mRNA levels were recorded in freshwater where the highest prolactin (PRL) and lowest growth hormone (GH) expression levels were previously reported. In the dry season CaM expression was highest at the lowest salinities (Guiers lake and Balingho) than in the hypersaline water sites of the Saloum estuary (Missirah, Foundiougne and Kaolack) and did not differ between these three sites. The amounts of CaM mRNA were not different between Balingho and Hann bay locations. The expression of CaM showed a similar pattern in rainy season, being highest in freshwater locations of Guiers lake and lowest in the most saline sites (Hann bay, Missirah, Foundiougne and Kaolack).The CaM mRNA levels were significantly negatively correlated with environmental salinity in both the rainy and the dry season. All together these results may indicate a role of CaM in the acclimation to hypo-osmotic stress possibly through the regulation of cell volume, calcium uptake and the expression of genes involved in osmoregulation such as PRL and GH. In the rainy season, overall mean expression of the CaM was higher than in the dry season, which may have reflected more variable particularly sudden fluctuations in salinity and poorer overall water quality.

Keywords: Acclimation, Calmodulin, Estuary, Gene expression, Salinity, Fish, Sarotherodon melanotheron.
 

Frontiers of Agriculture and Food Technology ISSN: 2736-1624 Vol. 15 (1), pp. 001-011, January, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Activation of PPARγ by Cinnamon Extract Improves Glucose Regulation: Molecular and Physiological Insights

Rajesh Guptaa Sameer Walunja Shyam Awateb Roshan Kulkarnic Swati Joshic, Sushma Sabharwala , A. S. Padalkar b and Kalpana Joshi^b

^aDepartment of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, University of Pune, Pune, India- 411007

^bDepartment of Biotechnology, Sinhagad College of Engg, Pune, India-411041 c National Chemical Laboratory , Pune ,India- 411008

Accepted 18 December 2024

Cinnamon is one of the oldest spices in the world and widely used as an anti-diabetic medicine. We have investigated the effect of Cinnamon zeylanicum extracts on involvement of important coactivators like PGC1α and SRC1 in potentiation of PPARγ activity. Present study demonstrates that 50:50 ethanol aqueous extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark contains specific PPARγ agonists that activate PPARγ in HEK293/T cell based reporter assay and also dose-dependently potentiate the extract mediated PPARγ activity in presence of co-activators like PGC1α and SRC1, overexpressed in the cells. Knockdown of PGC1α gene by specific shRNA against PGC1α, significantly reduced the transactivation potentiation effect of extract induced by coactivator. The ability to activate PPARγ receptor is also supported by its adipogenic potential observed in mouse 3T3-L1 adipogenesis assay. The CZE3 extract improved glucose tolerance in the 12 h fasted C57BL/6 male mice. In summary aqueous ethanolic extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum exhibits part of its glucose lowering effect via activation of PPARγ and extract mediated PPARγ activity is increased upon overexpression of PGC1α and SRC1 in a cell based in vitro assay.

Key words: Cinnamon, Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, Anti-hyperglycemic reporter assay, PGC1α, SRC1