Frontiers of Agriculture and Food Technology

Frontiers of Agriculture and Food Technology ISSN 7295-2849 Vol. 8 (11), pp. 001-011, November, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Kyoto protocol and social accounting implication on global-warming in Malaysia: An action research approach

Lee Mei Yee, Susela Devi and Edward Wong Sek Khin*

Faculty of Business and Accountancy, University of Malaya, Malaysia.

Accepted 21 February, 2018

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between social change demands and tactical decision making processes resulting from apparent global-warming and climate-change by employing an action research methodology. The objective was to uncover the perceptions of Malaysian corporate management concerning the present debate on climate change. These corporate officers occupy the top decision making positions that disperse the day to day operational decisions as well as being directly involved with longer term considerations, particularly of the financial implications of the debates and forthcoming national and international legal implications concerning global-warming/climate-change. This research is a descriptive study. Interviews with the management of 30 randomly selected companies were conducted, and the results and conclusions support the view that carbon trading is not an effective approach to resolve the apparent carbon dioxide problem. This study has provided greater understanding of the corporate view regarding measures aimed at prevention of large rise in global temperatures.

Key words: Action research, global warning, climate change, greenhouse emission.

Frontiers of Agriculture and Food Technology ISSN 7295-2849 Vol. 8 (11), pp. 001-003, November, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

A comparison of the survival and growth performance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) fry

Volkan Kizak¹*, Yusuf Guner², Murat Turel², Erkan Can¹ and Murathan Kayim¹

¹Tunceli University, Fisheries Faculty, Tunceli, Turkey.

²Ege University, Fisheries Faculty, Izmir, Turkey.

Accepted 21 May, 2018

Abstract

The rainbow trout is an intensively cultured species because of its more cultivatable character than the brown trout. In this experiment, the brown trout culture did not expand due to low growth performance compared to that of the rainbow trout. This experiment was conducted in a commercial trout farm, Aegean Area (Turkey). Growth performances and survivals of rainbow and brown trouts from fry to fingerling were observed for 155 days. Growth performances, feed conversion rates and survivals were determined. The initial weights of the rainbow and brown trouts were 0.1 ± 0.01 g. Final weights were 26.5 ± 5.19 g and 12.97 ± 2.74 g, respectively at the end of experiment. Survival and FCR of rainbow and brown trouts were 83.9 and 80% ; 0.59 and 0.61 respectively. As a result, there is a similarity between these two trout species in point of survivals and FCR’s although growth performance of the rainbow trout was significantly better than that of the brown trout.

Key words: Rainbow trout, brown trout, fry, growth, survival.

Frontiers of Agriculture and Food Technology ISSN 7295-2849 Vol. 8 (10), pp. 001-009, October, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Damage types, causes of damage and herd leaving ages in dairy cattle under the scope of livestock insurance and subject to compensation in some districts of Izmir Province of Turkey

Erdal Yaylak¹*, Ibrahim Kaya², Volkan Cundar³ and Ahmet Gevrek³

¹Ödemi Vocational High School, Ege University, Ödemi  35760 Izmir, Turkey.

²Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, Bornova 35100 Izmir, Turkey.

³Genç Vet Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Pharmaceuticals Sales Ltd. Co., Ödemi 35760 Izmir, Turkey.

Accepted 21 May, 2018

Abstract

In this research, in some districts of Izmir province, damage types, causes of damage, ages at which the damage occured and hot carcass weights of Holstein cattle which are under the scope of state supported livestock insurance and which were slaughtered involuntarily due to various reasons, which died, aborted or whose calves died, were examined. The research data were obtained from the damage reports prepared by Agricultural Insurances Pool (AIP) experts and records kept by slaughterhouses. Damage types that are subject to compensation in dairy cattle are classified by AIP under four groups: involuntary slaughtering, death, abortion and calf death. The distribution percentages of the 215 damage reports into groups of involuntary slaughtering, death, abortion and calf death were found as 53.5, 6.5, 13.5 and 26.5% respectively. The mean herd leaving ages due to death and involuntary slaughtering were found to be 42.6 months and 52.4 months, respectively. In involuntary slaughtering, the causes of damage were separated into five groups as udder disorders, reproduction and calving problems (excluding abortion), digestive tract disorders, foot and leg problems, and injury and other problems. In the 115 cattle that were involuntarily slaughtered, the distribution percentages of the above causes were 51.3, 17.4, 11.3, 7.8 and 12.2%, respectively. The mean carcass weights of involuntarily slaughtered cattle were 224, 216, 198 and 204 kg for winter, spring, summer and autumn, respectively (P<0.10). The overall mean was 216 kg. Although the number of companies active in agricultural insurance is 22, it was observed that the cattle examined in our research were insured by only 4 companies. Livestock insurance is a practice which could help with the healthy development of the livestock sector.

Key words: Livestock insurance, dairy cattle, damage type, causes of damage, herd leaving age.

Frontiers of Agriculture and Food Technology ISSN 7295-2849 Vol. 8 (10), pp. 001-008, October, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) as living mulch for ecological weed control in citrus orchards

Yasin Emre Kitis¹*, Onur Koloren² and F. Nezihi Uygur³

¹Plant Protection Department, Agricultural Faculty, Süleyman Demirel University, 32260, Isparta, Turkey.

²Plant Protection Department, Agricultural Faculty, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu, Turkey.

³Plant Protection Department, Agricultural Faculty, Çukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey.

Accepted 22 July,  2018

Abstract

Weeds are one of the most important problems in newly established orchards. Especially in organic orcharding, the importance of weed management is much more than conventional orcharding. Therefore, importance of alternative methods to chemical control of weeds is increasing. This study was conducted to quantify the effects of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) as living mulch on weeds and evaluate the availability of common vetch in organic citrus production. The study was carried out in Mandarin orchard which was established specially for this research in research and implementation area of the Plant Protection Department of Çukurova University in Turkey, in a three- year-period. Living mulch and control plots were placed between rows in newly established mandarin orchard and plots were maintained at the same locations until the end of the experiment. In this study, effects of the living mulch application on density, cover proportion, biomass, dry weight and similarity index of weed species were investigated. Overall three-years results of the study were evaluated, living mulch application reduced weed density and cover proportion average of 42.8% and 45.9% respectively compare to control. Biomass and dry weight of weeds were also reduced by living mulch in all years of the experiment. The results indicate that living mulch application by common vetch is an important alternative weed suppression method for ecological weed management.

Key words: Alternative control, cover crop, ecological agriculture, mandarin, mulch, weed management.

Frontiers of Agriculture and Food Technology ISSN 7295-2849 Vol. 8 (10), pp. 001-006, October, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Risk and regulation of emerging price volatility of non-staple agricultural commodity in China

Xin Miao¹*, Bo Yu¹, Bao Xi² and Yan-hong Tang¹

¹School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, China.

²School of Public Administration, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China.

Accepted 21 August, 2018

Abstract

The development of agriculture penetrated in China’s history but recently has to face emerging challenge of drastic price volatility caused by pernicious speculation. The year of 2010 saw drastic price volatility of non-staple agricultural commodities, such as green beans, garlic and ginger, in China’s agricultural market. The drastic price volatility brought immense adverse effect to Chinese market expectation and people©s daily living, and aroused extensive social concern in China. Speculation and price manipulation emerged from information asymmetry may induce herd behavior under the pressure of high inflation and people’s panicky emotion. The related risks were analyzed and suggestions were put forward as to what possible cures are effective countermeasures and what ways may contribute to prevention of emerging price volatility of non-staple agricultural commodity. This paper contributed to identifying risks and vulnerable parts of non-staple agricultural commodity market, and was important for preventing cascading risk effects. It offered a new insight for agricultural market regulation, and contributed to agriculture research as well as market management and public administration. As other developing countries may also face similar problems in their agricultural markets, this paper has potential broad sense and enlightenment.

Key words: Agricultural market regulation, non-staple agricultural commodity, price volatility, risk, speculation, China.

Frontiers of Agriculture and Food Technology ISSN 7295-2849 Vol. 8 (9), pp. 001-005, September, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Bamboo species relations revealed by random amplified polymorphism chloroplast DNA

H. Y. Zhang¹, Y. M. Yang² and X. Z. Liu¹*

¹Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, State Forest Administration, Southwest Forestry University, White Dragon Temple, Kunming, Yunnan Province-650224, Peoples Republic of China.

²Bamboo and Rattan Research Institute, Southwest Forestry College, White Dragon Temple, Kunming, Yunnan Province-650224, Peoples Republic of China. 

Accepted 24 April, 2018

Abstract

The polymorphism, similarities and relationships among bamboo species were assessed with random amplified polymorphism chloroplast DNA (RAPD) analysis. The results showed distinct chloroplast DNA differences, present among the species. 175 bands were detected of which 94 were polymorphic (53.1%).3 to 15 bands generated by a single primer of variable lengths were detected, with an average of 7.2 polymorphic bands. The genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.543 to 0.954, and most of them were <0.75. Meantime, species relationships were estimated through Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) analysis based on RAPD data. It is a useful method for analysis of the relationship in bamboo species.

Key words: Bamboo species, chloroplast DNA, relationships, random amplified polymorphism chloroplast DNA (RAPD), unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA).