Frontiers of Agriculture and Food Technology

Frontiers of Agriculture and Food Technology ISSN: 2736-1624 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Four strains of yeasts: as effective biocontrol agents against both growth and mycotoxins formation by selected 11 toxigenic fungi

Zohri, A. A¹ and Marwa Abdel-Kareem, M²

¹Botany & Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt.

²Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Egypt.

Accepted 16 December, 2022

Abstract

Spoilage and poisoning of foods by fungi is a major problem, especially in developing countries. The need thus arises for natural preservatives that could be used for semi processed and processed foods. One of these possibilities is the use of yeast strains to control mycotoxigenic fungi. Four yeast strains (Candida krusei AUMC 8161, Pichia anomala AUMC 2674, Pichia guilliermondii AUMC 2663 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae AUMC 3875) were selected as a biocontrol agents against both growth and mycotoxins production by different 11 toxigenic fungal isolates; five local isolates from different Egyptian food sources and six isolates obtained from CBS (Central Bureau voor Schimmel cultures, Holland). Candida krusei AUMC 8161 completely inhibited the growth and toxin formation of all the 11 tested toxigenic isolates. Pichia anomala AUMC 2674 completely inhibited the growth and toxin production by 6 fungal isolates and strongly reduced the growth as well as toxin formation by the other tested toxigenic fungi. Pichia guilliermondii AUMC 2663 strongly reduced the growth and toxin production by the 11 toxigenic fungi. Saccharomyces cerevisiae AUMC 3875 completely inhibited the growth of 5 fungal isolates and strongly reduced the growth of the others.

Keywords: toxigenic fungi, mycotoxins, antagonistic yeasts.

Frontiers of Agriculture and Food Technology ISSN: 2736-1624 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Microorganisms in Aquaculture Development

Onianwah, I. F¹. Stanley, H. O.², Oyakhire, M. O.³

¹Rexall Research Servives, 3b Manilla Pepple Street, D/Line, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

²Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

³College of Medicine, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Accepted 10 December, 2022

Abstract

Microbes found in aquaculture are usually from source water, feeds including augmented live foods. These microbes are found in the gills, intestine, muscles and on the surface of fish, shrimps, crustaceans and other aquatic organisms. Microorganisms in aquaculture play several roles including their use as live food, food supplements, probiotics, in pond aeration and in the purification of aquarium. As food, microbes provide the essential nutrients such as vitamins, enzymes, polyunsaturated fatty acids, amino acids, pigments and steroids; and serve as carbon and nitrogen sources. Microbial diversity in aquaculture depends largely on the quality (physicochemical properties) of the farm water and this has greatly influenced the growth of every aquaculture. Fungi, Bacteria, Protozoa, Helminthes and Microalgae are present in aquaculture, each performing its unique role in the ecosystem. While some are beneficial, others are not. They are used as probiotics to check the growth of some pathogenic microorganisms thereby reducing the incidence of aquarium diseases. Microbial live foods include Bacteria, Fungi, Microalgae and Protozoa. Microbes used as live food include lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus, Chlorella vulgaris, Saccharomyces and Aspergellus. These live foods have the advantage of small size, ease of digestion and ability to stimulate enzyme synthesis. Besides, microbes function in pond purification (biofilters) as well as its bioenergetic cycle. Microalgae, specifically aerate ponds through the release of oxygen during photosynthesis. The beneficial role of microbes has contributed immensely to the growth, development and sustainability of aquaculture.

Keywords: Aquaculture, Ecosystem, Live Feeds, Microorganisms Biofilters, Pathogens, Probiotcs, Producers.

Frontiers of Agriculture and Food Technology ISSN: 2736-1624 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Phytotoxicity of organophosphates with particular reference to triazophos in the agriculture of India- A review

Arshid Ahmad Khanday¹ and H.S. Dwivedi²

¹Lecturer, Govt. Degree College Kilam, Kulgam,

²Professor Govt. Madhav Science College Ujjain

Accepted 21 October, 2022

Abstract

Agrochemicals are the basic and essential ingredients for guaranteed agricultural returns in the present cropping systems. Due to conducive tropical environment to the pest populations in India, pesticides become even more important. Among the dominant pesticides, organophosphates form a major group. They have been of immense use due to comparatively more threat from insect pests than weeds and fungi. Triazophos belongs to organophosphate group of pesticides and is widely used in the fields of soybean, rice, vegetables and cotton to control aphids, jassids, boll worms, leafminer, stem borer, leaf folder, girdle beetle etc. From the last decade there has been indiscriminate use of pesticides in the fields which resulted in residual toxicity to the succeeding non-resistant crops. The present review is an attempt to flag the known phytotoxic potential of triazophos to different crops in India.

Keywords: Triazophos pesticide, organophosphate phytotoxicity, persistence.

Frontiers of Agriculture and Food Technology ISSN: 2736-1624 Vol. 12 (4), pp. 001-008, April, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Key words: Fertilizer use efficiency, Lettuce, Spinach.

Frontiers of Agriculture and Food Technology ISSN: 2736-1624 Vol. 12 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A review of edible orchids in Malawi

V. Kasulo*, L. Mwabumba and Munthali Cry

Department of Forestry, Mzuzu University, P/Bag 201, Muzu 2, Malawi.

Accepted 13 July, 2021

Abstract

Orchids are mostly known for their beautiful flowers, and food-flavoring products which make them a resource of great economic importance in the global horticultural and food industries. But in the Southern African region, orchids are particularly important for their tubers which are used for food, and are therefore traded within and across the countries. A number of researchers have reported a dramatic rise in the demand for these orchids in Zambia, which has forced traders to seek the tubers from outside the country. This has raised concerns about their sustainability as high exploitation pressure threatens the future existence of these wild edible orchids. Based on information from literature and from reconnaissance, ethnobotanical and social economic surveys that were undertaken in Mzimba and Kasungu districts, this paper reviews and examines these developments, with a focus on Malawi. The review highlights some of the areas that require more attention in terms of research and policy interventions, namely identification of all edible orchids, domestication of edible orchids, and trade controls.

Key words: Disa, domestication, edible orchids, Habenaria, Malawi, Satyrium.

Frontiers of Agriculture and Food Technology ISSN: 2736-1624 Vol. 12 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of heavy metal pollutants on sunflower

Rajeev Gopal* and Neena Khurana

Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India.

Accepted 11 July, 2021

Abstract

The aim of this present study was to assess the tolerance of pollutant elements (Co, Ni, Cd, Cr and Pb) on visible foliar symptoms, tissue concentration and some biochemical parameters in sunflower plants grown at 0.25 mM in soil pot culture. At equimolar concentrations (0.25 mM), Cd induced the most severe visual toxicity effects and exhibited maximum oxidative damage as observed by accumulation of ThioBarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) and lower antioxidant capacity than the plants is exposed to Co, Cd, Cr and Pb. The study suggests that the degree of oxidative damage assessed by the manifestation of external visual toxicity effects, tissue concentration and alteration in biochemical parameters were found to be in the order Cd>Cr>Ni>Co>Pb.

Key words: Sunflower, visible symptoms, TBARS, antioxidant, tissue concentration.