International Journal of Agroforestry and Silviculture

Key words: Black Sigatoka, PITA14, on-farm trial.

International Journal of Agroforestry and Silviculture ISSN 2375-1096 Vol. 8 (4), pp. 001-005, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of season on growth, fruit yield and nutrient profile of two landraces of Trichosanthes cucumerina L.

Oloyede, F.M. and O.C. Adebooye*

Department of Plant Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, NIGERIA.

Accepted 11 August, 2019

Abstract

Studies were conducted in the early season of 2002 and late season of 2003 at the Teaching and Research Farm, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria to determine the effects of season on growth, fruit yield and nutrient profile of two landraces (Variant I and II) of snake tomato (Trichosanthes cucumerina L.). Statistical analysis (P 0.05) showed that the early season crop had significantly higher number of leaves, vine length, number of marketable fruits and fruit yield compared to the late season crop while the late season crop recorded significantly higher number of aborted flowers and cull fruits. Crop yield during the early season averaged 22.2 tons ha^-1 while it was 13.3 tons ha^-1 during the late season. The variants had no effect on fruit yield, number of marketable fruits, cull fruits and number of flowers aborted. The early season crop had significantly higher ascorbic acid composition (25.2 mg/100 g)  than the late season crop (18.0 mg/100 g) while the late season crop had significantly higher ether extract (0.94 g/100 g), crude fiber (3.40 g/100 g) and total sugars (0.95 g/100 g) compared to the early season crop which had 0.64, 1.60 and 0.50 g/100 g, of ether extract, crude fiber and total sugars, respectively. Variant I had significantly higher ether extract content (0.97 g/100 g) than Variant II (0.64 g/100 g) while Variant II had significantly higher total sugar (0.98 g/100 g) compared to Variant I (0.60 g/100 g). The anti-nutritional oxalate and crude protein compositions were neither affected by variant nor season nor their interaction.

Key words: Trichosanthes cucumerina, seasons, growth, fruit yield, nutrient profile.

International Journal of Agroforestry and Silviculture ISSN 2375-1096 Vol. 8 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of fallow and cover crops for nematode suppression in three agroecologies of south western Nigeria

J. A. Adediran*, A. A. Adegbite, T. A. Akinlosotu, G. O. Agbaje, L. B. Taiwo, O. F. Owolade, and G. A. Oluwatosin

Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, PMB 5029, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Accepted 25 July, 2019

Abstract

A study was conducted in three agroecological zones of south-western Nigeria to evaluate the effect of siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) and mucuna (Mucuna utilis) cover/fallow crops on plant-parasitic nematode population. The natural bush regrowth was used as control. Plant-parasitic nematodes were identified and counted during the fallow periods. Eleven genera of nematodes were identified and three (Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, and Helicotylenchus) species were predominant across the trial locations. Other important genera present were Scutellonema, Tylenchorhynchus and Rotylenchus species. Nematode population densities of pre-crop were lowest in Alagba soil (Rhodic lixisols) at Ikenne in the wet forest zone of Nigeria. The populations in Iwo soil (Rhodic haplustalf) at Ibadan, a dry forest zone was lower than in the Temidire soil (Plinthic luvisol) at Ilora in the derived savannah of south-western Nigeria. There was significant suppression of nematode population densities under the different crops as the fallow period increased. The population reduction in the different locations depended on the nematode species and the cover crops. The natural bush re- growth had the least effect on the nematode suppression at the end of the fallow period. On the average, siam weed fallow reduced nematode population densities by 67-79%, mucuna by 64-72% and the natural bush by 30-49% across the trial locations. For effective nematode suppression with fallow cropping, proper determination of the principal nematode species predominant in an environment is essential.

Key words: Cover crop, fallow crop, nematode population, nematode species, nematode suppression, soil type.

International Journal of Agroforestry and Silviculture ISSN 2375-1096 Vol. 8 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Initiatives of tropical agroforestry to sustainable agriculture: A case study of Capasia Village, Northern Bangladesh

S.  A. Rahman¹*, F. D. Paras², S. R. Khan³, A. Imtiaj⁴, K. M. Farhana⁵, M. M. Toy⁶, M. B. Akhand⁷ and T. Sunderland¹

¹Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor Barat 16680, Indonesia.

²Department of Social Forestry and Forest Governance, College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines, Los Banos, Philippines.

³Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, Canada.

⁴Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.

⁵Department of Sociology, University of Padova, Italy.

⁶Shanto-Mariam University of Creative Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

⁷Intervida (Bangladesh Country office), Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Accepted 08 February, 2020

Abstract

A relatively large percentage of the population in Bangladesh lives under the poverty line and is affected by the country’s degrading natural resources. Agroforestry has been seen as one of the few options to lift people out of poverty. Research into the costs and benefits of agroforestry was undertaken in Capasia Village in Northern Bangladesh. Initial results indicate that agroforestry may not only be an optimal livelihood solution for poor farmers, biodiversity conservation and environmental sustainability but agroforestry systems also provide good economic rates of return. Thus the farmers who engage in agroforestry are benefited in different ways.

Key words: Agroforestry, poverty, farmers, livelihoods, conservation.

International Journal of Agroforestry and Silviculture ISSN 2375-1096 Vol. 8 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effects of Terralyt - Plus^® on soil pH, nutrient uptake and dry matter yield of Maize

M. O. Akande¹, E. A. Makinde²*, L. B. Taiwo¹ and J. A. Adediran¹

¹Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, P. M. B. 5029, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria.

²Federal College of Agriculture, Moor Plantation, P. M. B. 5029 Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

Accepted 26 January, 2020

Abstract

Acid soils are common in the tropics and managing them for sustainable cropping usually demands soil amendments. A greenhouse experiment was conducted at the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Ibadan, Nigeria to evaluate the effects of a soil amendment substance - organic biostimulator - Terralyt-Plus® on the growth, soil pH, nutrient uptake and dry matter production of maize. The soils used for the study (Entisol, Alfisol) were collected from the coastal and forest zones of Nigeria. The Terralyt-Plus® was applied (0, 20, 40 and 60 ml m^-2) with the conventional urea, single super phosphate and muriate of potash fertilizers. These were compared with a no-fertilizer control. The experiment was laid out with completely randomised design (CRD) replicated three times. Maize was grown for six weeks when the shoot and roots were harvested for dry matter yield assessment and determination of selected chemical constitutuents. Complementing inorganic fertilizer application with Terralyt-Plus® significantly improved maize performance on the soils. Shoot dry matter yield increased from 15 - 32% compared with sole inorganic fertilizer treatment. It was 64 -77% over the control. Phosphorus uptake was highest at 40 ml m^-2 on the soil at Ilora while for soils at Ikenne and Badagry; it was at 20 ml m^-2. Application of 20 - 40 ml m^-2 (200 - 400 l ha-1) gave optimum height and dry matter yield of maize, and improved nutrient uptake of maize plant.

Key words: Corn, nutrients, plant growth, SAR, soil fertility.

International Journal of Agroforestry and Silviculture ISSN 2375-1096 Vol. 8 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Virulence of Puccinia triticina on wheat in Iran

S. Elyasi -Gomari

Azad Islamic University, Shoushtar Branch, Faculty of Agriculture, Shoushtar, Iran. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 12 January, 2020

Abstract

Wheat leaf rust is controlled mainly by race-specific resistance. To be effective, breeding wheat for resistance to leaf rust requires knowledge of virulence diversity in local populations of the pathogen. Collections of Puccinia triticina were made from rust-infected wheat leaves on the territory of Khuzestan province (south-west) in Iran during 2008 - 2009. In 2009, up to 20 isolates each of the seven most common leaf rust races plus 8 -10 isolates of unnamed races were tested for virulence to 35 near-isogenic wheat lines with different single Lr genes for leaf rust resistance. The lines with Lr9, Lr25, Lr28 and Lr29 gene were resistant to all of the isolates. Few isolates of known races but most isolates of the new, unnamed races were virulent on Lr19. The 35 Lr gene lines were also exposed to mixed race inoculum in field plots to tests effectiveness of their resistance. No leaf rust damage occurred on Lr9, Lr25, Lr28 and Lr29 in the field, and lines with Lr19, Lr16, Lr18, Lr35, Lr36, Lr37 and the combination Lr27 + Lr31 showed less than 15% severity. A total of 500 isolates of P. triticina obtained from five commercial varieties of wheat at two locations in the eastern and northern parts of the Khuzestan region were identified to race using the eight standard leaf rust differential varieties of Johnson and Browder. Thirteen known wheat leaf rust races and several new, unnamed races were identified. The most common races in each year were races 57, 64, 84, 143 and 167.

Key words: Puccinia triticina, wheat leaf rust, specific resistance.