International Journal of Agroforestry and Silviculture

International Journal of Agroforestry and Silviculture ISSN 2375-1096 Vol. 7 (6), pp. 001-007, June, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Mitotic chromosome studies of some accessions of African yam bean Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst. Ex. A. Rich.) Harm.

Adesoye, A. I. and Nnadi, N. C.

Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Accepted 21 March, 2019

Abstract

In this study the chromosome number, chromosome length and mitotic indices of 21 accessions of African Yam Bean (AYB) were determined. To accomplish this, the best time to harvest growing root tips was identified by measuring mitotic index of chromosomes prepared from root tips of accession TSs148 collected at two hours interval within a 24 h study period from 8 am to 6 am of following day. Cell division occurred throughout the day and at night with the rate of division increasing to a peak at midday. The highest percentage of metaphase cells (34.01%) was obtained from roots harvested at about 12:00 noon. In terms of the root tip to shoot tip that gave a higher mitotic index a ratio of 13:8 was observed among 21 accessions studied. A diploid chromosome count ranging between 2n = 20 to 24 was observed with the chromosome number 2n = 22 being the most frequent. The chromosomes of the accessions studied were generally small in size ranging between 0.58 to 1.84 µm. On the basis of chromosome size, the different accessions of AYB could be divided into three different groups. This information, if utilized, will pave the way for further progress in karyological and cytogenetic research towards improvement of this plant.

Key words: Sphenostylis stenocarpa, chromosome number and length, mitotic index, genetic variation.

International Journal of Agroforestry and Silviculture ISSN 2375-1096 Vol. 7 (6), pp. 001-006, June, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Change of some defense compounds of cucumber treated with Bacillus cereus and salicylic acid against Meloidogyne javanica

Sara Siahpoush^1,2*, Navazollah Sahebani²  and Heshmatollah Aminian²

¹Plant Pathology Abouryhan Campus, University of Tehran, Iran.

²653, Azadi lane, Postal code: 68168 13898, Enghelab Boulevard, Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran.

³Department of Plant Protection, Abouryhan Campus, University of Tehran, Iran.

Accepted 11 April, 2019

Abstract

In this research, the effects of antagonist bacterium (Bacillus cereus) and salicylic acid (SA) as chemical inducer alone and in combination against root knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) as the most important nematode in Iran, on cucumber roots (cv. superdominus) was investigated. The used concentrations were 10⁹ cfu/ml for bacteria and 5 mM for SA. In greenhouse experiments some parameters were evaluated including nematode and plant growth criteria in treated plants with the two above materials. Results of this experiment showed that combination of biocontrol agent and chemical inducer decreased galling, egg masses and egg numbers on roots of cucumber. In biochemical analysis, also, some of defense compounds such as hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase activities were measured. Results showed that hydrogen peroxide level and peroxidase activity increased after inoculation until 4th and 5th days respectively and then decreased gradually. Soil drenching of B. cereus and SA caused maximum induction in roots.

Key words: Bacillus cereus, salicylic acid, Meloidogyne javanica, peroxidase, hydrogen peroxide.

International Journal of Agroforestry and Silviculture ISSN 2375-1096 Vol. 7 (6), pp. 001-006, June, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Change of some defense compounds of cucumber treated with Bacillus cereus and salicylic acid against Meloidogyne javanica

Sara Siahpoush^1,2*, Navazollah Sahebani²  and Heshmatollah Aminian²

¹Plant Pathology Abouryhan Campus, University of Tehran, Iran.

²653, Azadi lane, Postal code: 68168 13898, Enghelab Boulevard, Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran.

³Department of Plant Protection, Abouryhan Campus, University of Tehran, Iran.

Accepted 11 April, 2019

Abstract

In this research, the effects of antagonist bacterium (Bacillus cereus) and salicylic acid (SA) as chemical inducer alone and in combination against root knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) as the most important nematode in Iran, on cucumber roots (cv. superdominus) was investigated. The used concentrations were 10⁹ cfu/ml for bacteria and 5 mM for SA. In greenhouse experiments some parameters were evaluated including nematode and plant growth criteria in treated plants with the two above materials. Results of this experiment showed that combination of biocontrol agent and chemical inducer decreased galling, egg masses and egg numbers on roots of cucumber. In biochemical analysis, also, some of defense compounds such as hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase activities were measured. Results showed that hydrogen peroxide level and peroxidase activity increased after inoculation until 4th and 5th days respectively and then decreased gradually. Soil drenching of B. cereus and SA caused maximum induction in roots.

Key words: Bacillus cereus, salicylic acid, Meloidogyne javanica, peroxidase, hydrogen peroxide.

International Journal of Agroforestry and Silviculture ISSN 2375-1096 Vol. 7 (5), pp. 001-004, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of cumin (Cuminum Cyminum L.) landraces under drought stress based on some agronomic traits

Leili Motamedi-Mirhosseini¹, Ghasem Mohammadi-Nejad², Alireza Bahraminejad³, Pooran Golkar⁴* and Zahra Mohammadinejad⁵

¹  Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University - Jiroft branch,Jiroft-Iran. ²Horticultural Research Institute, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman P.O.B. 76169-133, Iran.

³Crop Science Department, Agricultural Faculty, University Putra Malaysia, P.O. B. 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

⁴Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, P.O.B. 76169-133, Iran.

⁵Plant Breeding, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

Accepted 14 March, 2019

Abstract

Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is a herbaceous and medicinal crop which is one of the most important export crops for countries such as Iran. This study was conducted to study the effects of drought stress on agronomic traits in cumin landraces of Iran. This experiment was conducted in simple lattice design, with two replications in drought stress and non-stress conditions. Nine land races (49 sub landraces) from different origins of Iran were studies in this experiment. The characteristics such as number of umbels per plant, number of seed per umbels, number of seeds per plant, dry matter weight, 1000- seed weight and seed yield were evaluated. The results showed that drought stress significantly influenced some studied traits. There were significant differences among land races for number of seeds per plant and seed yield (P<0.05). The landraces of Yazd, Southern-Khorasan and Pars had the highest seed yield among evaluated landraces. Also these cumin landraces could be proposed for cultivation in arid regions with hot climate. It seems that in drought stress condition number of seeds per plant was the greatest factor that is affected by drought stress. This result could be proposed that cumin is a drought tolerance crop.

Key words: Cumin, drought stress, seed, yield.

International Journal of Agroforestry and Silviculture ISSN 2375-1096 Vol. 7 (4), pp. 001-004, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Cost analysis of on-farm adaptive research (OFAR) as a strategy for Hevea technology transfer in the rubber belt of Nigeria

D. Y. Giroh*, Y. Waizah, F. S. Yustus and P. Imarhiagbe

Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B 1049, Benin City, Nigeria.

Accepted 21 October, 2018

Abstract

The study is a cost analysis of on-farm adaptive research (OFAR) as a strategy for technology transfer in Hevea plantation establishment in the rubber belt of Nigeria. Data were collected on 99 rubber contact farmers in both traditional and marginal rubber growing states of Nigeria in 2007/2008 planting season and were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Empirical results of the analysis revealed that majority of the respondents (98.99%) cultivated between 1 and 4.99 hectares with a mean farm size of 0.82 hectares. Also, 74.75% of the contact farmers were from the traditional rubber belt of Nigeria. The cost analysis per hectare revealed high subsidy on rendering of technical services (71.42% or N 12,596.39) by Federal Government while 28.58% (N3, 600.00) was borne by contact farmers. Technical services rendered include marking out, lining out, holing and planting. Evaluation of cost of OFAR trials on the basis of rubber growing ecology revealed that it is more costly to establish one hectare in the marginal areas than in the traditional rubber belt. There is therefore the need for decentralization of the production of planting materials within economic radius of the farmers by collaborating with the Agricultural Development Programmes (ADPs) of the States and Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria in the training of personnel to reduce the cost of rendering technical services to the farmers.

Key words: Hevea, plantation, on-farm adaptive research (OFAR), technology, rubber belt, descriptive statistics.