International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management

International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management ISSN 5423-5294 Vol. 6 (2), pp. 001-025, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Spatial and water quality classification of tributaries of Osun River network in Nigeria

¹Olayiwola, Olajumoke Abidemi, ²Onianwa, Percy Chucks and ³Olayiwola, Waliyat Bolarin

¹Chemical Sciences Department, Oduduwa University, Ipetumodu, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.

²Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

³Department of Information Sciences and Technology, Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA.

Accepted 08 February, 2019                                                                              

Abstract

Osun River is important for domestic, recreational and other activities. It flows along a channel that may be polluted by inputs from industrial, agricultural and other anthropogenic activities. Surface water was sampled bimonthly from July 2006 to May 2008 at upstream and downstream points of the main river course and 31 tributaries. Water samples were analyzed for pH, alkalinity, hardness, ammonia, anions and turbidity. Statistical evaluation of data was carried out. The concentrations (mg/L) of alkalinity, hardness, ammonia, nitrate, phosphate and chloride were 93±130, 116±120, 4.2±6.6, 1.8±1.5, 0.15±0.23 and 54±110 and turbidity, 34±43 FTU. Spatial classification revealed tributary at Adeti (Ilesha) to be strongly polluted compared to other tributaries. All the tributaries met requirements for irrigation, recreation and livestock rearing, but they need pretreatment for other categories of industrial usage. Fifty-three locations were acceptable (Class 2), and four excellent (Class 1). Time series modelling, using Number Cruncher Statistical System fitted well for nitrate (R2= 0.79) and phosphate (R2= 0.84) data and gave their 2018 predicted values of 19.2 and 18.1 mg/L.

Keywords: Modeling, Osun River, tributaries, spatial variation, water quality.

International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management ISSN 5423-5294 Vol. 6 (2), pp. 001-007, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Enhanced fodder yield of maize genotypes under saline irrigation as a function of their increased K accumulation and better K/Na ratio

I. Rajpar¹*, I. Jandan¹, Zia-ul-hassan¹, G. M. Jamro¹ and A. N. Shah²

¹Department of Soil Science, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam-70060, Sindh, Pakistan.

²Department of Agronomy, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam-70060, Sindh, Pakistan.

Accepted 02 January, 2019

Abstract

Poor quality irrigation water adversely affects the growth and yield of crops. This study was designed to evaluate the growth, fodder yield and ionic concentration of three promising maize (ZEA MAYS L.) genotypes under the influence of varying quality irrigation water, with different salinity levels. The genotypes, such as EV-1097, Kisan and Akbar were irrigated with usable (electrical conductivity, EC 1.5 dS m^-1), marginal (EC 3.0 dS m^-1), poor (EC 4.5 dS m^-1) and very poor (EC 7.0 dS m^-1) quality irrigation water. The increasing adverse effects on various growth and yield variables of all three genotypes were observed with the increasing water salinity. Also, soil EC, SAR and ESP values increased linearly with increasing salinity levels of irrigation water. Poor quality irrigation water affected all the growth variables and yield of maize. Increasing concentrations of sodium and chloride ions, coupled with decreasing concentration of potassium, in flag leaf of maize was observed in response to increasing salinity of irrigation water. The genotypic variation among the three maize genotypes to saline water irrigation was in order of EV-1097 > Kisan > Akbar. The better fresh fodder yield of maize genotypes under poor quality irrigation water was a function of their enhanced accumulation of potassium (K) and better K/Na ratio. The study concluded that, the genotype EV-1097 is a better choice for the maize growers under saline water irrigation condition.

Key words: Maize (Zea Mays L.), fodder yield, saline irrigation, K accumulation, K/Na ratio.

International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management ISSN 5423-5294 Vol. 6 (2), pp. 001-007, February, 2019.  © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effects of different irrigation regimes and nitrogenous fertilizer on yield and growth parameters of maize

S.M. Shirazi¹*, M. Sholichin², Mohammed Jameel¹, Shatirah Akib¹ and Mokhtar Azizi¹

¹Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

²Department of Water resources, Faculty of Engineering, University of Brawijaya Malang, 65145 Indonesia.

Accepted 23 November, 2018

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out to find out the response on yield and yield contributing parameters of maize (cv. Bornali) to water stress and nitrogenous fertilizer. The experiment included two factors such as five irrigation regimes and four nitrogen levels. Texturally, the soil was silty loam. Yield and yield contributing characters were significantly affected due to the application of irrigation and nitrogen. The highest grain yield of 6.77 t/ha was obtained with IW/CPE ratio of 0.5 and 5.61 t/ha by the application of 70 kg N/ha. Interactions between IW/CPE ratio of 0.5 and 70 kg N/ha were the best combination for yield and yield contributing characters of maize.

Key words: Irrigation, water stress, nitrogen, yield, maize.

International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management ISSN 5423-5294 Vol. 6 (2), pp. 001-012, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Application of GIS for determination of groundwater quality suitable in crops influenced by irrigation water in the Damghan region of Iran

Shahram Ashraf¹*, Hossein Afshari² and Abdol Ghaffar Ebadi³

¹Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Armenian State Agrarian University, Armenia.

²Department of Agriculture, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran.

³Department of Biological Sciences, Jouybar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jouybar, Iran.

Accepted 18 November, 2018

Abstract 

In order to evaluate the quality of groundwater in Damghan plain for irrigation purposes, 199 surveyed wells with GPS data used to produce the map. The features that generally had considered for evaluation of the suitable quality of groundwater for irrigation are salinity, water infiltration rate, and specific ion toxicity. The SAR , ions Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, CO₃ ^2-, HCO_3-^– , SO₄^2- , Cl^-, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), pH were analyze as the evaluation indexes. The EC map indicates the presence of about 0.04% of the study area; groundwater lie in good range (none degree of restriction on use) 61.38% slight to moderate and 38.58% severe for irrigation purposes. The suitable zones for EC_w are in the central and northwestern and portion of south of the study area (61.42%). The quality of groundwater for the sodium hazard on infiltration is in 98.9% of study area none degree of restriction on use and in 0.6% slight to moderate and 0.5% severe. The suitable zones for infiltration have no degree of restriction on use in majority of the study area. The maps result of crops yield potential as influenced by irrigation water salinity (EC_w) indicates that crops barley>wheat > Alfalfa respectively have yield potential more against EC_W in study area (99.42,92.3 and 0.23%). The results of thematic maps of sodium_w, cholorid_w were overlaid with maps of sodium_plant, cholorid_plant showed that the crops yield potential of barley and wheat. Alfalfa in all the study area is 100%.

Key words: Geomorphological mapping, GIS, Damghan plain, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), water standard, groundwater.