International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management

International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management ISSN: 2756-3804 Vol. 8 (7), pp. 001-010, July, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effects of different rhizosphere ventilation treatment on water and nutrients absorption of maize

Niu Wen-Quan^1,2, Guo Chao¹, Shao Hongbo^2,3,4* and Wu Pute^1,2

¹College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China.

²National Engineering Research Center for Water-saving Irrigation at Yangling, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China.

³The CAS/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Process,Yantai Institute of Costal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Yantai 264003, China.

⁴Institute for Life Sciences, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.

Accepted 21 March, 2021

Abstract

The objective of this study was to explore the effects of different rhizosphere ventilation treatment on water and nutrients absorption of maize. The pot experiment was conducted using three methods: no ventilation, two day ventilation and four day ventilation, under conditions of the different levels of irrigation methods. As such, the influence of rhizosphere ventilation treatment on the physiological, water and nutrient absorption of maize was studied. Results showed that, with the increase in ventilation frequency, plant height, leaf area and the content of chlorophyll in maize increased to a certain degree. Root activity of once in every four days ventilation was the biggest (8.237 mg/ (g·h)), followed by that of once in every two days ventilation (6.171 mg/ (g·h)), and that of no ventilation was the least (4.940 mg/ (g·h)). Consequently, it increased by 66.7 and 29.9%, respectively. The chlorophyll content experimental results showed that, rhizosphere ventilation treatment does not affect transpiration of potted maize and has no significant difference on the irrigation water utilization rate.

Key words: Potted maize, rhizosphere ventilation, water, nutrients absorption, agricultural water-saving.

International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management ISSN: 2756-3804 Vol. 8 (5), pp. 001-007, May, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Assessment of management transfer of Kahramanmaras irrigation system

Cagatay Tanriverdi* and Hasan Degirmenci

Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Faculty of Agriculture, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, 46100, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.

Accepted 11 February, 2021

Abstract

In this study, the program of management transfer of the Kahramanmaras Irrigation Scheme was evaluated. The result of effects on water use and agricultural effectiveness were determined using appropriate performance indicators and the opinions of farmers. According to the results, the transfer process was not profitable for farmers; on the other hand, governmental expenditures were decreased. Farmers had insufficient knowledge of the transfer of irrigation management. Farmers did not understand the transfer of management, which indicates that one of the major aims of the transfer program - farmer participation - failed. Thus, the transfer program had no effect on indicators of water use efficiency such as sufficiency, equality, and irrigation time; it had negative effects on maintenance and operation of irrigation and drainage channels.

Key words: Irrigation, irrigation management, irrigation system performance, water use efficiency.

International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management ISSN: 2756-3804 Vol. 8 (4), pp. 001-008, April, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of substrate on vegetative growth, quantitative and qualitative production of muskmelon (Cucumis melo) conducted in soilless culture

Afrâa Radhouani*, Mokhtar El Bekkay and Ali Ferchichi

Dry Lands and Oasian Cropping Laboratory, Institute of Arid Regions, El Jorf 4119, Medenine, Tunisia.

Accepted 04 October, 2020

Abstract

Greenhouses heated and irrigated by geothermic water, constitute a promoter sector in the South of Tunisia. However, simultaneous salinity of sand and water of irrigation limits amply, the development of this sector. To control salinity, it seems efficient to adopt interesting agricultural techniques like soilless culture. The selection of suitable media is the key that ensures the success of this technique, seeing that the adoption of not standardized one, limits the correct nutrient solution management so the development of plant. The substrate selection must consider technical and economical implications. In this framework, two ubiquitous substrates of the South of Tunisia, sand and compost of dry palms, were compared to the imported media, perlite, for soilless culture of muskmelon (Cucumis melo ). This study was based on the vegetative growth, quantitative and qualitative production. Results have shown that local substrates have simulated, in relation to perlite, strong and deep roots that permit an effective absorption of nutrients. Subsequently, leaves were larger, their content in fresh and dry matter were higher and stems were taller. This superiority was sustained by superiority of index of growth, NAR. This behavior has reverberated on precocity and yield that were greater on these two media. As regard to external characteristics of fruits, firmness and diameter were higher particularly on compost. With exception of pH, gustative quality was not affected by type of substrate.

Key words: Greenhouse, muskmelon, substrate, vegetative growth, quantitative production, qualitative production.

International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management ISSN: 2756-3804 Vol. 8 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A study on the effects of different biofertilizer combinations on yield, its components and growth indices of corn (Zea mays L.) under drought stress condition

Mehdi Zarabi*, Iraj Alahdadi, Gholam Abbas Akbari, and Gholam Ali Akbari

Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding- College of Abouraihan - University of Tehran, Iran.

Accepted 10 November, 2020

Abstract

In order to study the combined effects of chemical phosphorus fertilizer, Phosphate-solubilising bacteria and mycorrhizal fungus they were determined on reducing drought stress damages of grain corn (SC704) under field conditions at College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran. The experiment was conducted as split plot RCBD with three replications. Experimental factors were drought stress as the main-plot (irrigation after 50 mm [without drought stress], 100 mm [low drought stress] and 150 mm [severe drought stress] evaporation from pan class (A), and fertilizer compounds as the sub-plot. Result of variance analysis showed that drought stress had significantly affected on most measured traits. All the measured traits in compounds phosphate-solubilising bacteria and Mycorrhiza fungies treatment were higher than other treatments under drought stress conditions except root colonization. Furthermore, grain yield in super phosphate triple treat under severe drought stress condition (3.55 ton/ha) was significantly less than normal irrigation (12.08 ton/ha) and low stress conditions (9.97 ton/ha). According to this experiment result, under drought stress condition, all calculated growth indices (such as LAI, CGR and NAR) decreased. Accordingly this experiment showed that phosphate-solubilising microorganisms can positively have effect on the increase of plant growth and phosphorus absorption in maize plant, leading to plant tolerance improving under drought stress conditions.

Key words: Mycorrhiza fungies, phosphate-solubilising bacteria, super phosphate triple, ear length.

International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management ISSN 2756-3804 Vol. 7 (10), pp. 001-013, October, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Mixed landscape water demand and drainage in a subtropical-monsoonal climate varies with irrigation frequency and season

Hongyan Sun¹, Michael D. Dukes², Roger Kjelgren¹ and Richard Beeson Jr.^1,3

¹Beijing Key Lab of Greening Plants Breeding, Beijing Institute of Landscape Architecture; Mid-Florida Research & Education Center, University of Florida.

²Center for Landscape Conservation and Ecology, University of Florida.

³Mid-Florida Research & Education Center, University of Florida.

Accepted 30 September, 2020

Abstract

We used drainage lysimeters to study water balance and plant growth of mixed (woody plant-turf) landscapes irrigated at three rates of root zone water depletion based on local reference evapotranspiration (ET_O) in a subtropical-monsoonal climate: slow/dry (60%), intermediate (75%) and fast/wet(90%) of ET_O. Planting design for each lysimeter was identical: a Magnolia virginiana tree imbedded in St. Augustine grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) turfgrass bordered by two Viburnum odoratissimum shrubs grown as a hedge. Landscape monthly actual evapotranspiration (ET_A) was calculated as the difference between inputs (irrigation and precipitation) and output (drainage). Magnolia (height, projected canopy area, and trunk diameter) and viburnum (height and canopy volume) growth was measured every three weeks. Total drainage over three years from the 0.6 depletion (driest) treatment was 20 and 45 cm for the dry and wet season, respectively, half that of the 0.9 depletion (wettest) treatment. The dry treatment had the lowest ET_A both seasons, and average dry season Plant Factors (PF=ET_A÷ETo) was about 15% lower than the wet season (0.76 versus 0.98). Plant growth was largely unaffected by irrigation-depletion treatments. For subtropical climates, dry season irrigation scheduling based on a mixed landscape PF of 0.75 is reasonable to maximize growth following transplanting. Once established, dry season irrigation schedules can be based on a 0.6 PF value to maintain performance while minimizing drainage. Irrigation of mixed landscapes during the monsoonal wet season is only needed during exceptional dry periods.

Keywords: Drainage lysimeter, monthly ET_A, Plant Factor, plant growth, Viburnum odoratissimum, Magnolia grandiflora, Stenotaphrum secundatum.