International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management

International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management ISSN 5423-5294 Vol. 5 (6), pp. 001-006, June, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of atrazine applications on weed growth and yield at different irrigation levels in corn (Zea mays L.) growth

llhan Kaya¹*, Seyda Zorer Celebi², Reyyan Yergin¹ and Ibrahim Hakki Yilmaz³

¹Plant Protection Department, Agriculture Faculty, Yuzuncu Yıl University, 65080 Van, Turkey.

²Agronomy Department, Agriculture Faculty, Yuzuncu Yıl University, 65080 Van, Turkey.

³Agronomy Department, Agriculture Faculty, Igdır University, 76000 Igdır, Turkey.

Accepted 04 February, 2018

Abstract

Corn (Zea mays L.), for silage, is very important in animal feeding because winter seasonal conditions last longer in Eastern Turkey. Corn yield components were investigated in plots, in which herbicide had been applied and also not applied at different irrigation levels in this study. The study lasted for two years and soil-water content was kept at five different levels [96% (I-1), 63% (I-2), 32% (I-3), 15% (I-4) and 4% (I-5)]. The species and intensities of the weeds at the irrigation levels were determined in the study. Plant length, green and dry herbage yields, leaf, stem and ear ratios were studied as criteria for corn yield. At the same irrigation levels, higher efficiency values were determined according to non applied plots in the atrazine applied plots. In both years, the lowest green herbage and dry herbage yields were determined at I-4 and I-5 irrigation levels. The weeds that are mostly seen on the plots, in which atrazine had not been applied are Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. and Sinapis arvensis L, respectively. Similarly, for both years, high densities of weeds were observed in the highly moisturized lands. The atrazine activities increased at the I-1 and I-2 irrigation levels in which water content of the soil is high.

Key words: Corn, weeds, soil moisture, atrazine, corn yield.

International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management ISSN 5423-5294 Vol. 5 (5), pp. 001-007, May, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The impact of irrigation water quality on water uptake by orange trees

S. L. Yang¹*, M. Aydin², Y. Kitamura³ and T. Yano⁴

¹Beijin Hydraulic Research Institute, Chegongzhuang west road No.21, Haidian district, Beijing 100048, China.

²Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mustafa Kemal, TR-31040, Antakya, Turkey.

³Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101, Koyama-cho, Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.

⁴Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan.

Accepted 09 January, 2018

Abstract

A greenhouse lysimeter study was carried out in Tottori (Japan) during August 2000 to explore the impacts of saline irrigation on water uptake by orange trees. Two lysimeters filled with sandy soil were used. Each lysimeter was planted with a tree. During the first half of August, both lysimeters (L1 and L2) were irrigated with non- saline water. In the second half of the month, L1 was irrigated with non-saline water (1.0 dS/m) and L2 with saline water (8.6 dS/m). At each irrigation event, 60 and 32 mm water was applied in the first and second half of August, respectively, when average water content of the soil profile was depleted to 70% of field capacity. Osmotic potential in L2 became more negative after application of the saline water. Evapotranspiration from L1 was consistently higher than that from L2. Average transpiration rate (T) reached 5.5 mm/day under non-saline irrigation, while T was only 3.8 mm/day under saline treatment. Up to 99.5% of roots were in the top 60 cm of soil and 73% of the total water uptake was extracted from the same layer. Maximum water withdrawal by the tree was observed at layer of 30 - 60 cm in accordance with root-weight distribution.

Key words: Saline water, orange trees, water uptake.

International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management ISSN 5423-5294 Vol. 5 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effects of different irrigation regimes on vegetative growth, fruit yield and quality of drip-irrigated apricot trees

Sebahattin Kaya¹*, Salih Evren², Erdal Dasci², M. Cemal Adiguzel² and Hasbi Yilmaz³

¹Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Agriculture Faculty, Bingol University,12000,Bingol, Turkey.

²Soil and Water Resources Research Institute, 25700, Aziziye, Erzurum, Turkey.

³Ataturk Central Horticultural Research Institute, 77102, Yalova, Turkey.

Accepted 22 October, 2017

Abstract

This study was conducted during five growing seasons from 2004 to 2008 to investigate effects of different irrigation regimes on vegetative growth, fruit yield and quality of Salak apricot trees in semi-arid climatic conditions. There were six irrigation treatments, five of which (S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5) were based on adjustment coefficients of class A pan evaporation (0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25 and 1.50). The other treatment (S6) was regulated deficit irrigation treatment that was irrigated by applying 100% of class A pan evaporation until harvest, but was not irrigated after harvest. During the experimental years, the lowest values of irrigation water and evapotranspiration were obtained by S6 and S1 treatments, respectively, while the highest values were obtained for the S5 treatment. There were statistically significant vegetative growth differences among the treatments. The highest vegetative growth values were observed for the S5 and S4 treatments, while the lowest value was observed for the S6. Yields per tree and per unit crown volume did not show statistically significant differences among treatments in all the years studied, while the yield per unit trunk cross-sectional area showed statistically significant differences among treatments only in 2008. The S1 treatment showed higher yields per unit trunk cross-sectional area and per unit crown volume than other treatments, while S5 treatment showed higher yield per tree than other treatments in all the years studied. There were no statistically significant fruit quality differences among the treatments. Consequently, the S1 treatment is recommended for apricot trees under the experimental conditions.

Key words: Apricot, class A pan, evapotranspiration, water deficit, vegetative growth, fruit yield and quality.

International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management ISSN 5423-5294 Vol. 5 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Application of sand and geotextile envelope in subsurface drip irrigation

P. Najafi* and S. H. Tabatabaei

¹Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch, P.O. 81595-158, Isfahan, Iran.

²Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.

Accepted 12 October, 2017

Abstract

Subsurface drip irrigation is a technology used for better management of irrigation water. This technique is more desirable in arid and semi-arid region, because of decreasing soil surface evaporation and more efficiency of irrigation system in comparison with the other irrigation systems. In addition, this system is a safer way for treated wastewater (TWW) reuse in irrigation lands. But roots and clay particles can clog drip emitters in systems buried below the soil surface. In this paper, sand and geotextile filtration methods have been suggested for solving root intrusion and biological plugging problems for subsurface drip applications. Sand envelope around the emitters has been recommended for deeper root zone and long term application of system, while geotextile envelope is suitable for seasonal crops with shallow root.

Key words: Subsurface drip irrigation, sand and geotextile, emitters.

International Journal of Irrigation and Water Management ISSN 5423-5294 Vol. 5 (2), pp. 001-010, February, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Scheduling irrigation for jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)

Ping Zhang^1,2, You-Ke Wang¹*, Jing-Wu Zhan^2,3, Xing Wang¹ and Peng Wu^2,3

¹Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R. China.

²Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling

Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China.

³Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China.

Accepted 11 September, 2017

Abstract

This study was performed to select suitable indicator for scheduling the irrigation of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) grown in the Loess Plateau. The relationships between plant-based indicators and soil matrix potential as well as meteorological factors of jujube under deficit irrigation compared with well irrigation were determined. The results showed that maximum daily trunk shrinkage increased and maximum daily trunk diameter, gas conductance and midday leaf water potential decreased in response to higher and lower soil matrix potential, respectively. However, the maximum daily trunk shrinkage signal intensity to noise ratio was highest in response to higher and lower soil matrix potential. Besides, the maximum daily trunk shrinkage correlated well with reference evapotranspiration and vapor pressure deficit (r²= 0.702 and 0.605 respectively). When the soil water potential was greater than -25kPa or less than –40 kPa, maximum daily trunk shrinkage values showed increasing trend, suggesting that Jujube might be subject to water stress. Based on this, the suitable soil water potential values of pear-jujube in anthesis and setting periods were identified between -40 kPa and - 25 kPa and the values can conduct precise irrigation of jujube in the Loess Plateau.

Key words: Water stress, water status indicators, soil water potential, Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), anthesis , fruit setting periods.