International Journal of Management and Business Studies

International Journal of Management and Business Studies ISSN 2167-0439 Vol. 12(3), March, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of voluntary counselling and testing for HIV among university students

Ernestina S. Donkor

School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 21 June, 2012

Abstract

One of the major components in the fight against the spread of HIV/AIDS that has been recognised globally is voluntary counselling and testing (VCT). This study investigates the knowledge, attitudes and practices of VCT for HIV among university students. Data were gathered through the administration of questionnaires to 100 participants who were selected through quota and convenience sampling; and were analysed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16. The findings showed that most of the participants (81%) had heard about VCT and the information was obtained mostly through the mass media followed by health personnel and friends/peers. A few of the respondents (23%) had undergone VCT, and out of this 9% had it as a requirement for visa, blood donation and employment. Most of the participants held the view that individuals who undergo VCT could be viewed as being promiscuous or HIV positive. The findings of this study have implications for nursing by way of intensifying education on VCT, and establishing more centres that are accessible.

Keywords: Attitude, knowledge, practices, university students, voluntary counselling and testing.

International Journal of Management and Business Studies ISSN 2167-0439 Vol. 11 (5), May, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Cosmic contradiction between goodness and evil as a basic mythology in platform of Iranian culture, religion and literature

Mohammad KhosraviShakib

Department of Persian Language and Literature, Human Science Faculty, Lorestan University, I. R. Iran.

E- Mail: [email protected]

Accepted 28 May, 2012

Abstract

The solution of the problem of Evil has been attempted by every Great Prophet, and though the ways of looking at it have been different in different lands and at different epochs, still there is a fundamental similarity of treatment. Persian mythology developed in what is now Iran after about 1500 B.C. About a thousand years later, a religion known as Zoroastrianism emerged in the region. It held on to many of the earlier beliefs but added new themes, deities, and myths. The result was a mythology based on a dualistic vision: a cosmic conflict between good and evil.In the eminently dualistic Zoroastrian religion the need to defeat evil was emphasized, and it was not by chance that Ahriman was one of the prototypes of the enemy. This theme always has occupied the mind of Iranian from past time until now so that effect deeply the religion and literary masterpieces like Shahnameh and other contemporary works. Crystalizing of this theme in culture and literature of Iranian will be the main key of this paper.

Keywords: Iran, zoroastrianism, goodness and evil, Shahnameh.