Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences

Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2756-326X Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Antioxidant activities of three kinds of polysaccharides from the endophytic fungus Fusarium oxysporum Dzf17

Peiqin Li, Chao Luo, Weibo Sun, Shiqiong Lu, Yan Mou, Youliang Peng and Ligang Zhou*

College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.

Accepted 10 October, 2020

Abstract

Three polysaccharides, namely exopolysaccharide (EPS), water-extracted mycelial polysaccharide (WPS) and sodium hydroxide-extracted mycelial polysaccharide (SPS), from the endophytic fungus Fusarium oxysporum Dzf17 were investigated for their in vitro antioxidant activities. Among them, SPS was the most active antioxidant component, and WPS exhibited moderate antioxidant activity. The median effective concentration (EC₅₀) values of the polysaccharides were 162.38 µg/ml (for WPS), 63.37 µg/ml (for SPS) by DPPH radical scavenging activity assay, and 54.54 µg/ml (for WPS) and 44.91 µg/ml (for SPS) by using ferrous ions chelating activity assay. The polysaccharides from F. oxysporum Dzf17 could be an alternative source as the antioxidant components

Key words: Antioxidant activity, polysaccharides, endophytic fungus, Fusarium oxysporum Dzf17.

Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2756-326X Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A study of the effect of Cercospora leaf spot at different cultivars and fertilization level

Yong-Gang Li*, Li Zhang and Feng-Ming Mang

Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin Heilongjiang, 150030, People’s Republic of China.

Accepted 12 December, 2020

Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) caused by Cercospora beticola is one of the most destructive foliar disease of sugar beets in all sugar beet-growing areas worldwide. In this study, field trials were carried out to determine the effect of CLS at different cultivars and fertilization level. The result showed that level of resistance against C. beticola from 20 variables were differed significantly (P<0.05) and sorted KWS0149>BETA356>Hi0940>KWS6167>KWS8138>KWS4121>Hi0166>DVA02234>BETA807> KWS0142> Ma096> KWS9522> IS0436> BSTO2431> Ma097> BETA464> BETA812> KWS9145> Hi0474> Hi0732. But, Strong and weak of same varieties resistance from three locations apart from 100 km away of this trial series were significantly different. Levels of resistance against C. beticola from optimized fertilization were significant different (P<0.05). Low nitrogen reduced sugar beet resistant against C. beticola. And level of resistance from 20 variables were differd significantly (P<0.05) and were sorted N2P1K1> N2P 2K1>N2P2K0 > N2P2K2> N2P1K2> N1P2K1> N2P3K2> N2P2K3 > N2P0K2> N1P2K2> N3P2K2> N1P1K2> N0P0K0> N0P2K2. So, resistance against C. beticola improved after balance fertilizing. It is possible to reduce the pathogen appearance by using varieties resistance and balance fertilizing, which enhanced host resistance to soft rot disease in a way.

Key word: Sugar beet, cercospora leaf spot, varieties, resistance, fertilization level.

Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2756-326X Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Variation in photoinhibition and photoprotection between seedings and saplings leaves of Taxus cuspidata under high irradiance

Wei Li¹, Yu-Sen Zhao¹* and Zhi-Qiang Zhou²

¹College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.

²Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.

Accepted 09 November, 2020

Abstract

The differences in chloroplast pigments, gas exchange and photosystemII (PSII) photochemistry as well as xanthophyll in seeding and sapling leaves of Taxus cuspidata grown in full sunlight were examined. Compared with the sapling leaves, the chlorophyll content, photosynthetic capacity and light intensity for saturation of photosynthesis were lower in seeding leaves. The response curves of PSII photochemistry demonstrated that both seeding and sapling leaves occurred a down-regulation of PSII photochemistry at high irradiance, more serious down-regulation being examined in seeding leaves. And the down-regulation of PSII photochemistry occurred significantly when measured at midday, indicating that photoinhibition occurred heavily in seeding leaves when exposed to high light. The actual PSII efficiency (ΦPSII) and the efficiency of excitation capture by open PSII centers drastically decreased with the increase of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) at midday. The photorespiration rate in seeding leaves was lower than that in sapling leaves under high irradiance. The results indicated that the xanthophlly cycle was activated in both the seeding and sapling leaves at midday and an increase of de-epoxidation were observed, but a little higher level of de-epoxidation was measured in seeding leaves. The xanthophyll cycle may play an important role in the dissipation of excess light energy associated with NPQ to avoid photodamage. Our results suggested that photoinhibition occurred in seeding leaves significantly due to lower capacity of CO₂ assimilation, photorespiration and the light intensity for saturation of photosynthesis, as well as the lower PSII photochemistry at high irradiance; therefore the T. cuspidata seeding could not adapt to growing at high irradiance.

Key words: Japanese yew (Taxus cuspidata Sieb, et Zucc.), photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, photorespiration, xanthophyll cycle.

Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2756-326X Vol. 6 (11), pp. 001-005, November, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of some medicinal and ornamental plant extracts toward pomegranate aphid, Aphis punicae (Passerini) under laboratory conditions

Sawsan S. Moawad¹* and Amal M. F. Al-Barty²

¹Pests and Plant Protection Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt.

²Science Faculty, Al- Taif University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Accepted 05 October, 2020

Abstract

Ethanol and water extracts of five medicinal and ornamental plant species namely, Aerva lanata, Ruta chalepensis, Fagonia arabica, Malva parviflora, and Calotropis procera; were evaluated against pomegranate aphid, Aphis punicae Passerini under laboratory condition. Results indicated that the ethanol extract of R. chalepensis (whole plant) showed the highest repellency (75) and mortality (79.5)  at 0.015% concentration. Followed by ethanol extract of A. lanata which elicited high repellent effect (60.68%) and moderate mortality percentage (55.54%) at 0.015% concentration. On the other side, water extracts of A. lanata caused the highest repellency (44.88%) and mortality (61.2%) at 5% concentration. Followed by M. parviflora which induced slight repellency (36.22%) and mortality (51.5%) at 5% concentration.

Key words: Pomegranate aphid, Punica granatum, plant extracts, repellent, mortality.

Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2756-326X Vol. 6 (11), pp. 001-008, November, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Characteristics of organic acids in the fruit of different pear species

Shoufeng Sha^1,2, Juncai Li², Jun Wu¹ and Shaoling Zhang¹*

¹College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China.

²Liaoning Institute of Fruit Science, Xiongyue, 115009 China.

Accepted 05 September, 2020

Abstract

The contents of organic acids in the fruit of 40 cultivars of four major pear species, Pyrus ussuriensis, Pyrus bretschneideri, Pyrus pyrifolia, and Pyrus communis, were examined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the major components of organic acids present in the pear fruit were malic and citric acids. The total organic acid content and the individual contents of malic, citric, and quinic acids were significantly higher in the fruit of P. ussuriensis than in the other three species. Among the ten organic acids examined, both malic and citric acids exhibited highly significant positive correlation with quinic acid, whereas extremely significant negative correlation was observed between acetic and lactic acids, and between succinic and fumaric acids. Furthermore, significant positive correlation was observed between malic and citric acids, and between quinic acid and shikimic acids, whereas significant negative correlation was found between quinic and tartaric acids. The differences in the contents of the 10 individual organic acids and the total organic acid content in the fruit of the 40 pear cultivars reached a significant and strong level.

Key words: Pear, fruit, quality, organic acid, difference, correlation.

Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2756-326X Vol. 6 (11), pp. 001-005, November, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Postharvest application of heats treatment and thiabendazole, sodium bicarbonate fungicides on decay control and characteristics quality and quantity in the "Valencia" orange

Sajad Fatemi*, Mehrdad Jafarpour and Hasan Borji

Faculty of Agriculture, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.

Accepted 05 November, 2020

Abstract 

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of heat treatments and fungicides on shelf life of Valencia orange. The research was conducted in a completely randomized design with 3 replications and 21 treatments at two levels of inoculation and no inoculation. Treatments were included: Thiabendazole (300, 600, 1500 and 2000 ppm), sodium bicarbonate (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2%), hot water (45, 50, 55 and 60°C) with the duration (1, 2 and 3 min), control treatment. The fruits, after harvest were affected by fungicides and heat treatments were in 2 levels of inoculated and non inoculated form. Then, they were maintained and kept in plastic bags for 3 months at a temperature of 6°C with relative humidity of 85 to 90% at the end of the third month, the quantitative tests and experiments including decay percent, qualitative traits of vitamin C, percentage of Tss and acidity were done on the samples. The comparison of averages indicated that, in two groups of inoculated and non inoculated, thiabendazole treatments and sodium bicarbonate had a great and more significant effect on fruit decay. In non inoculated fruits, the hot water treatments and highest level of TSS in inoculated fruits with hot water treatment (60°C for 3 min) was observed. However, there was no significant difference with 50°C hot water treatment. In inoculated and non inoculated fruits, the highest level of TA was observed in hot water treatment. On the whole, to control the induced disease of Penicillium attacks, we can recommend the use of fungicides and hot water treatments.

Key words: Shelf life, heats treatment, vitamin C, fungicide, Valencia orange.