Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences

Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2381-3911 Vol. 6 (6), pp. 001-005, June, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of the relative weed competitiveness of upland rice varieties in Sierra Leone

S. S. Harding* and A. B. Jalloh

Rokupr Agricultural Research Centre, P. M. B. 736, Freetown, Sierra Leone.

Accepted 11 May, 2020

Abstract

In Sierra Leone, weed management in upland rice production is a major constrain and yields are seriously reduced. Studies were conducted during the wet cropping season of 2007 and 2008 at Rokupr Agricultural Research Centre (RARC) in the upland ecology to assess the competitiveness of different rice varieties and to identify plant parameters responsible for their competitiveness. The results indicated that rice varieties differed in their competitiveness against weeds. Average yield losses ranged from 23 to 63% in 2007 and from 22 to 66% in 2008. Leaf area index (LAI) and tiller number with the exception of plant height correlated positively with competitiveness. The varieties NERICA 1, NERICA 6 and WAB 515-B-16A2.6 were found to be competitive and productive, whilst Buttercup (the local variety) though competitive but not productive. ROK 3 was the worse competitor but yielded similarly as NERICA 6 under weed -free conditions. The varieties NERICA 1, NERICA 6 and WAB 515-B-16A2.6 have potential in breeding programmes to increase their competitiveness without significantly compromising yields since they are both high yielding and competitive.

Key words: Varieties, competitiveness, LAI, tillers, yield, plant height, weed-free.

Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2381-3911 Vol. 6 (6), pp. 001-006, June, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Review

An overview of Citrus aurantium used in treatment of various diseases

Jyotsna A. Saonere Suryawanshi

Department of Pharmacy, Government Polytechnic, Amravati (M.S. India), India. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 12 February, 2020

Abstract

Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) is a plant belonging to the family Rutaceae, The most important biologically active constituents of the C. aurantium fruits are phenethylamine alkaloids octopamine, synephrine, tyramine, N-methyltyramine and hordenine. It is rich in vitamin C, flavonoids and volatile oil. Synephrine is a primary synthesis compound with pharmacological activities such as vasoconstriction, elevation of blood pressure and relaxation of bronchial muscle. whose fruit extracts have been used for the treatment of various diseases such as gastrointestinal disorders, insomnia, head aches, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, antiseptic, anti-oxidant, antispasmodic, aromatic, astringent, carminative, digestive, sedative, stimulant, stomachic and tonic and by research novel use is found in obesity and related risks even life threatening are continuously increasing through out world in all age groups. Many marketed formulations claim to possess antiobesity actions, but still many herbs which have claims to this need to be investigated and their claims to be authenticated. In recent era there is a great thrust on screening of herbal extracts and formulations for antiobesity action. In this article efforts have been taken to discuss the photochemistry, constituents, ethnobotany, pharmacology safety and toxicity of citrus plant. The motto is to discuss C. aurantium here more research attention should be given on this that would increase its use in various chronic and acute diseases

Key words: Bitter orange, synephrine, obesity, thermogenesis, ethnobotany.

Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2381-3911 Vol. 6 (5), pp. 001-008, May, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A spatial analysis study: An example of the Virgin Mary House and its close environment

Çiğdem Kiliçaslan¹* and Emine Malkoç²

¹Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, Adnan Menderes University, South Campus, Aydin, Turkey.

²Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey.

Accepted 16 May, 2020

Abstract

Selcuk which is one of the most important places of ancient times hosts visitors who come to see the Virgin Mary House which is accepted as sacred for the Christians. In Virgin Mary House which is also accepted as holy for the Muslims a religious ceremony is hold in every 15th of August and these ceremonies attract intense attention. This research, in which the spatial analysis of Virgin Mary House and its close environment which is one of the most important places of culture and belief tourism were done, was discussed in four main parts; definition of the subject, data collection, findings and analysis and evaluation and synthesis. In the fieldworks, the research area which came to the forefront with its religious – touristic properties was analyzed in terms of physical, socio- cultural, visual and sensory aspects by using the original analyzing forms and solutions were offered to increase the spatial potential. The research was also supported with the field observations. As a result of the research, the meeting level of the users’ expectations according to either servicing or functionality of the spatial features of Virgin Mary House and its close environment was determined and solutions were offered.

Key words: Selcuk, Virgin Mary House, spatial analysis.

Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2381-3911 Vol. 6 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of garlic (allium sativum l.) in fattening chicks nutrition

Vidica Stanacev¹*, Dragan Glamocic¹, Niko Miloševic¹, Nikola Puvaca¹, Vladislav Stanacev² and Nada Plavša¹

¹Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad,Trg Dositeja Obradovi a 8, Novi Sad, Serbia.

²˝Tehno oprema˝, Ba ka Topola, Serbia.

Accepted 19 November, 2019

Abstract

The paper examines the effects of garlic (Allium sativum L.) and Cu separately as well as their combined effects on the production parameters and carcass quality in broiler chicks. Garlic has antimicrobial, antihypertensive and antioxidative properties, while high copper levels in feed (100 ppm) displays stimulating and bacterial effects, which may be an alternative to antibiotics whose use is prohibited by the EU. Bearing in mind the aforementioned, the objective of this study was to prove the effects of garlic in broiler feed on production parameters, health status and carcass quality. The testing was carried out under production conditions with one-day-old Hubbard broilers of the same weight divided in 4 groups, each consisting of 75 birds, in 4 repetitions. Treatment groups were given: 2% of commercial garlic in group II, 2% garlic and 100 ppm Cu in group III, and 100 ppm Cu in group IV. At the end of the experiment which lasted 42 days it was found that the addition of garlic led to a significant (P<  0.05) increase of body mass in group II (2055.55 g) and group III (2038.65 g) in comparison to the control group (1964.52 g). The feed exploitation was found to be better in groups treated with garlic.

Key words: Garlic, copper, broilers, production parameters, carcass quality.

Advances in Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2381-3911 Vol. 6 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Detection of Staphylococcus species and staphylococcal enterotoxins by ELISA in ice cream and cheese consumed in Burdur Province

Fulya Tasci¹*, Fatma Sahindokuyucu² and Dilek Ozturk³

¹Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 15100, Burdur, Turkey.

²Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 15100, Burdur, Turkey.

³Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 15100, Burdur, Turkey.

Accepted 12 January, 2020

Abstract

In this study, 50 ice cream and 50 cheese samples from Burdur Province of Turkey were examined for total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, Micrococcus/Staphylococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. In ice cream, total aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, Micrococcus/Staphylococcus and S. aureus were determined at levels of 4.29, 3.78 and 3.00 log₁₀cfu/g, respectively. In cheese, these organisms were present at 8.21, 6.21 and 5.80 log₁₀cfu/g, respectively. Enterotoxin analyses were performed with Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Enterotoxins were detected in 3 cheese samples and were identified as staphylococcal enterotoxins B, C and E. Further attention should be given to the bacteriological standards for milk used in cheese and ice cream production.

Key words: Staphylococcal enterotoxin, ELISA, cheese, ice cream.